CDR写作素材一Hand Book on Engineering Design

zvivi

Engineer写CDR报告是个费劲的过程，对整个工程报告的结构作番了解会有所帮助，这是我搜到的一本很好的书，Hand Book on Engineering Design ，给大家分享。

[ 本帖最后由 vivian80212 于 27-6-2008 19:09 编辑 ]

zvivi

Overview of the Design Process

Design is a feed-back process that engages five distinct engineering activities; understanding the problem, generation of concept, analysis and optimization, testing and construction (Figure 1).   The outcome from an activity may require the engineer to develop further clarity the problem and go back to Understanding the problem, the first of the five activities; or the outcome from an activity may be refined enough to allow the engineer to move forward to the next activity. The following paragraphs provide more details about these five activities.
这一段首先概述什么是工程设计
工程设计是一个反馈性过程，包括5个工程步骤：对问题的了解，构思的形成、分析和优化，测试和建构。

Problem Identification and Definition
This activity involves the transformation of the often nebulous facts and needs expressed in by statement of work into a coherent problem definition. The goal is to transform the statement of work provided by the client into a framework such that the engineer fully understands “what exactly is to be solved”.  The key to accomplishing this goal is to identify stakeholders  who are affected by the statement of work, to learn the stakeholders’ perceptions about the statement of work, to research and learn what is already know about the statement of work and to identify the functions and scientific principles associated with the statement of work.

这一段是讲如何识别问题所在，设立目标，找出需要花费精力去解决的问题，并且估计问题所处的状态，对于该棘手处我们已经知道了多少，还需要了解什么，还需要进行什么研究。


The end result of this activity is the development of
1)        a new statement of work that better reflects the true problem,
2)        a set of criteria used by the stakeholder to scrutinize the success of the final design solution (this set of criteria is called the stakeholder problem definition which is often expressed in qualitative form), and
3)        a set of criteria used by the engineer to scrutinize the success of the design solution (this set of criteria is called the engineering problem definition which consists of functional requirements and measurable constraints)

识别问题得到的结果：
1)进入一个更好反映真实问题所在的局面；
2)建立一整套衡量标准，该标准可用来仔细审核最终设计方法成功与否
3)用上述的一整套衡量标准来仔细审核最终设计方法成功与否

The engineering problem definition is critical to several activities found in the design process. The functional requirements and measurable constraints are used to analyze, optimize, and predict the design solution.

[ 本帖最后由 vivian80212 于 31-1-2008 10:33 编辑 ]

zvivi

Generation of Concept构思的形成
This activity is the creative process that transforms the defined problem or “what is needed” into conceptual solutions or a proposal of “how to solve the need”.  There is a constant interplay between Understanding the Problem, Generation of the Concept and the next activity Analysis and Optimization.  Each time that the concept is cycled through these three activities, the solution becomes more mature.

构思形成过程是一个创造性的过程，即将已提出的问题转化到概念论证阶段(是否实际可行还需进一步考察)，如何满足解决该问题所需要的一系列条件。进一步认识问题、形成解决问题的构思以及分析优化这三者总是不断互动的过程。譬如：化学工程中合成某种高分子化合物，反应条件不理想，产率偏低，经分析后认为是长时间高温对工艺过程有影响（识别问题），化学工程师提出用间歇性高温反应法来解决这一难题（构思的形成），但间歇性高温反应工艺的具体每段反应过程的温度和时间的控制，以及工艺改进后对产率高低、产物质量的影响有待进一步论证（分析和优化）。

Analysis and Optimization 分析和优化
This activity takes the conceptual solution and refines it in a detailed solution. However, there is a distinct interplay between this activity and the previous two.  During the first iteration, optimizing the concept solution may simply involve comparing the concept to the engineering problem definition. As the number of iterations increases, the solution will take on system-level characteristics that are overviews of the design, and in order to optimize the solution, simple models that integration of the mathematical, natural and engineering sciences will be required.  As the iterations or interplay between the Understanding the Problem, Generation of a Concept and Analysis and Optimization continues, precise models, a greater use of the mathematical, natural and engineering sciences, are needed and details of the solution’s smaller components are developed.  The interplay between the Understanding the Problem, Generation of a Concept and Analysis and Optimization continues until the solution details allow the development of mechanical drawings, etc. At this point, the process can more onward to the fourth activity, Testing.  

当解决问题的构思初步形成后，会发现影响工程的条件会越来越多越来越复杂，因此我们要树立全局观念，总览工程设计，进行简单建模整合机械学、自然学以及工程学知识。此外对一些关键性的“卡壳处”也要提出详细的解决方案。

Testing 测试
This activity involves checking the solution to the original problem definition (stakeholder and engineering definitions), confirming assumptions made during analysis/optimization activity and identifying problems related to use and production. This activity commonly involves computational simulation, prototyping and field testing.

对初步形成的解决方案进行测试，看是否可行之有效地解决之前发现的问题。通常包括计算机模拟测试、试验模型测试和实地测试。

Construction 建构
This last activity relates to the construction of the solution and eventually the release of the solution for the benefit of society.  However, construction practices may result in a re-design of the solution.
最终敲定解决方案，当然也有可能进行进一步的修改。

[ 本帖最后由 vivian80212 于 31-1-2008 11:14 编辑 ]

zvivi

当初做IEA评估定专业花了一段时间，本科是药物制剂，因为工程课目比重不够，因此学位还是理学学士，工作是生物工程。写CDR写得很痛苦，把澳洲工程师网站上的指导手册看了几遍，然后找Biological Engineer的职业表述，可职业分类中没有此类别，是划分在“其它类”里头的，就Google国外网站找生物学工程师招聘广告的职位要求，职位描述，以及国外大学生物学工程的职业规划等，上班没时间，下班回家写，还好那时是盛夏。花了1个月才写出来。回头看有点心得。这本书比较长，每种专业虽然细节不同，但整体的逻辑结构是大同小异的。这本手册是给大家建立一个整体框架。待续

[ 本帖最后由 vivian80212 于 31-1-2008 12:34 编辑 ]

zvivi

Technical Reports
工程技术报告

The results of any design activity are not complete unless they are communicated to other team members, the supervisor of the design team, the clients and others associated with the design.  Such communications should be done by written reports and oral presentations.Below are formats that you should consider using in this course.  

工程设计的结果只有在与其他工程团队成员、设计小组负责人、客户以及其他相关人员之间进行有效沟通，才算是一个完整的工程设计过程。而这种有效沟通就是借由书面报告和口头陈述来进行的。

Many of the written reports should include an executive summary and letter of transmittal. Examples are given below 。
常见的书面报告格式如下：

Outline of a progress report
MEMORANDUM 备忘录

        To:
        From:       
        Date:       
   RE:        

Goals/Objectives 目标
Less than six sentences 用少于6句的句子来陈述
Objective: state the purpose of the report and work and how it affects progress of the project
陈述工程报告和工程的目的，以及它对整个工程进程的影响

Work Accomplished 已完成的工程
Two to three paragraphs  2－3段
Objective: explain the nature and scope of the work, problem areas, depth of findings, techniques used
目的是解释工程的性质和大体框架情况，存在问题的地方、研究结果涉及到的深度以及所用到的工程技术

Goals for next reporting period 下一报告阶段的目标
Objective: explain the activities for the following period and how it affects the project
目的是陈述后续阶段的工程活动以及它是如何影响工程项目的

Resources Needed: 所需要的资源
Objective: conclude with specific suggestions on a course action
总结某一期工程中所需的特定资源

[ 本帖最后由 vivian80212 于 2-2-2008 13:21 编辑 ]

catfelix

如题

catfelix

写CDR写得我痛苦至极,还被老大奚落,花了3个月写出来的东西,懒婆娘的裹脚--又长又臭

zvivi

写CDR写得我痛苦至极,还被老大奚落,花了3个月写出来的东西,懒婆娘的裹脚--又长又臭

只要是IEA，他都会说裹脚布的咔咔，我的专业写的他连单词都看不懂 ，你是什么专业来的？

zvivi

Outline Format of a final design report 设计报告定稿格式
Sections prior to the body of the report should include  写在报告主体部分之前的段落包括：

•        Letter of Transmittal (one-two pages maximum)
•        Title or Cover Page
•        Executive summary
•        Table of Contents  that includes the location of figures, graphs, tables, etc
•        Acknowledgements

The body of the report should include the following

Introduction or Background
Objective: Define market, opportunities, goals and resources, tell reader what exactly  is being solved
Section needs to include 1) market need and/or opportunity 2) statement of work or problem identification, 3) stakeholder identification, 4) general resource requirements
Problem Definition/Design Specification
Objective: Identify constraints and functional requirements
Section needs to include 1) stakeholder definition, 2) engineering definition that include constraints and functional requirements, 3) benchmarking constraints
Conceptual Design
Objective: Provide an overview of the preliminary design solution without getting into details  (use sketches to help describe the idea)
Section needs to include 1) an overview of the concepts developed, 2) evaluation of concepts, 3) selection of final concept and relationship to engineering definition, 4) overview of the final concept including a description of key characteristics and/or components
Optimization and analysis of the solution
Objective: Design and develop product that meets problem specification and develop process for manufacturing final product (use drawings to help communicate the idea)
Section needs to include 1) identification of critical components/processes, 2) critical theories, principles, etc. used in engineering analysis, 3) results of the analysis or evaluation, 4) confirmation of results, 5) conclusions relating results to design solution

[ 本帖最后由 vivian80212 于 3-2-2008 12:52 编辑 ]

一丰

这得顶一下，好东西！

zvivi

感谢支持 ，休息一下，友情连接：迷雾森林的IEA DIT手册
http://w2.freeoz.org/forum/viewt ... &extra=page%3D8

luvalo

vivian80212 是个活雷锋.鉴定完毕

cefironn

楼主真是好人，想起我以前写CDR，写总结那个艰难的过程来了！

reedld

LZ真是个好了, 由于是菜鸟,收藏了不少你的帖子,很有帮助.

刚才点击了迷雾森林的IEA DIT手册的链接,发现看不了.不知怎么回事?
LZ好心,能否发份给我啊, 非常感谢!

Reedld2003@hotmail.com

zvivi

reedld同学，刚才我试了下，可以看阿，你注册论坛，然后用用户名登陆就可以了。

[ 本帖最后由 vivian80212 于 27-6-2008 19:34 编辑 ]

zvivi

抱歉 ，很久没更新此帖子，现把该手册的PDF原文文件贴在1楼，请各位自己下载研究。

[ 本帖最后由 vivian80212 于 25-4-2009 07:59 编辑 ]

cghtgd

这个在专业网上有很多呵, 他们会去核对吗

zvivi

不是让你去照搬抄写阿，是去看他们的报告逻辑结构是什么要求

FREEMAN-AU

我喜欢vivian80212

rylsongroup

excellent, worth push up

chshcq

必收藏之帖，感谢楼主！

Chawk

谢谢分享，希望对有我们有所帮助!

rwhwang

正在写，希望有用