这是“剑七”Test 4的Task 1,初看属于雅思小作文最简单的题型——饼图,但是包含了曲线图、柱状图甚至表格题的写作模式,首先要进行时间的横向比较,展现能源的变化;其次还要进行国与国同期的比较,如果把左上、右上、左下、右下的图分别编号成图一、图二、图三、图四,首先图二和图一比较,图四和图三比较;然后图三和图一比较,图四和图二比较,其中要避免重复的句型,最后发现Australia relied more on traditional sources of energy while new sources of energy such as nuclear had a tendency of being given full play in France. 这篇文章不是很容易确定写作顺序的。
2) Task 1静态图比例增多,考生对题型“动静不分”。
09年的雅思小作文增加了静态图的比例,所谓静态图就是不同主语的数据变化,而动态图是指同一主语的数据变化,当然有些图动中有静,静中有动,形成了新的一种动静混搭的模式,所以考生在收集每月小作文题型的时候,不要只关注考的是什么题型(eg. pie chart),应该更关注本月考的是动态图还是静态图,往往这个是小作文的最终分类。动态图最好用曲线图(宏观分类 +微观趋势、极值描写)的整体写作模式,静态图则是静态表格(纯比较)的写作模式,但是要进行图表系统和文字系统的交织。雅思小作文动态图和静态图的比例大致为7:3,如果在一个月中考了三次动态图后,考生要特别注意一下静态图。在我长期接触学生作文中,发现“动静不分”已经成为考生小作文最重要的一个问题了。例如以下的一道题目:
Task 1:
You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.
The tables below are the research, which examined the average percentage marks scored by boys and girls of different ages in several schools’ subjects. Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.
这道题目是一张主要是静态图的表格,反映了不同性别、不同年级的学生在五门不同学科上的成绩(分数),之所以说“主要是静态”,因为在局部地区还是可以写一些动态句型,比如Boys’ marks in Sports surged while their language performance basically crept down upon age.其中的黑体词也反映了趋势变化,但是在结尾处需要upon age的状语来限定,因为这些分数是不同主体获得的,并且在大部分栏目中这种“趋势”是波动的,其实这个趋势是没有什么特别大的意义。所以这篇表格主要的写作模式还是静态图,就是要强调“三维”的比较——性别、年龄和学科。下面是一篇取得8分的雅思范文,供考生借鉴。
Sample:
A glance at the tables on the average percentage marks in several schools’ subjects, we can find different genders and different age groups have their respective strengths and weaknesses in school subjects.
Generally speaking, boys were more superior to girls in sports while girls outperformed their counterparts in the respect of languages. Boys’ marks in Sports surged while their language performance basically crept down upon age. The most striking gap of sports between sexes occurred in 15-old students, which constituted 18%. On the other hand, 15-old girls outscored the peer boys by 17% in languages. As to the remaining three subjects, they were almost six of one and half a dozen of the other. What surprises us most is the equilibrium of Science, traditionally believed as the advantageous subject for boys.
It deserves our attention that 13 was the best age for boys to score comparatively high except for language-learning, while girls scored highest at 15 years old except for Sports.
3) Task 1比较要求和难度增加,考生难以把握真正的“比较点”
Compare and contrast是两张相关图之间势必发生的动作,但是考生在09年呈现的问题往往是“为比而比”、“丢了西瓜捡了芝麻”。我们在小作文中的比较原则是:有“可比点”的比,没有“可比点”的不要比。“可比点”表示数据之间形成了差异性或相反性,而“没有可比点”表示数据之间具有同质性(similarity)或不相关性(irrelevancy) ,我们来举一个具体的例子:
Task 1
You should spend about 20 minutes on the task.
The charts below show the percentage of people employed in different types of industry, during the period 1970 to 2000, in Britain and China.
Write a report for your teacher describing in the information shown below.
In Britain, Manual Labour was the largest industry drawing employees, while most people in China, were engaged in Agriculture. 这句话说明了两国大致的主导行业存在不同,具有可比点。
纵向比较结果:
Agriculture witnessed a converse trend in aspect of employment for both countries. 农业的雇佣趋势完全相反,形成可比点。
In both countries, some people were engaged in several industries while others were engaged in other industries unmentioned.
4) Task 2大主题浓缩,四大主题搞定600道题目
熟悉小新写作的朋友,很多是从网上看到的“写作十大主题”开始了解我的。雅思写作大主题的划分我从2002年开始基本定型,所谓大主题并不是写作题目的主题,雅思写作出题千变万化,分类题目也不下几十道,所以一般类似于“教育”、“政府”等话题并不能形成共性的解题思路,倒头来考生在考场上往往摸不着头脑。真正的大主题分类大家可以在新东方的课堂上来感受,2007年后我发现“十大主题”可以精简成“六大主题”,经过这两年的检验,我再一次的把题库中的题目分成不能再精简的四大主题——Career development, Infrastructure, Abstract, Science and technology,更准确的说,在600道题目,四大主题目前考题的数量分别是167,201,185,147,前三个球占的权重相对大一些。此外,混搭主题充斥着2009年和2010年目前已考的题目,比如在2010年2月11日A类大作文:
Some people think that politicians have the greatest influence on the world. Other people, however, believe that scientists have the greatest influence.
Discuss both of views and give your opinion.
这道题目就是Infrastructure和Science and technology的混搭。政治家主要是可以督促政府进行“建”、“管”、“法”,这是Infrastructure的思路;如果选择科学家的话,科学家能够制造出科技产品,写好处:1.更加省力;2. 推动其他领域行业的发展,这都是我们在科技里面的基本好处。
再比如2010年2月20日A类的大作文考题:
Most countries want to improve standard of living through economic development, however, others think social value is lost as a result.
Do you think the advantages of economic development outweigh the disadvantages?
这道题目必须讲到经济建设的好处和坏处,写作比例自己控制,这是一道首先好处就是和马斯洛等physical的内容有关,无非讲到improve the standard of living和guarantee the welfare system等,这部分内容是Infrastructure的范畴,比较好写,在坏处方面必须联系social value,那就是可以谈到family relationship的淡薄,主要是由于工作生活的忙碌导致联系的减少(距离和情感都有),还有就是egoism和selfishness的出现,这道题在Abstract大主题中有道selfishness的题目,大家可以去看看。
A routine of exercise and diet designed to make the body appear muscular. Training routines usually reduce fat levels and, if performed properly, can improve flexibility, particularly of the shoulders, hips, and trunk. When combined with aerobic fitness training, body building can be beneficial to health.
A form of exercise and competitive sport in which the primary aim of participants is to develop muscularity and body mass, and to produce symmetry and harmony between different body parts. Well-trained body-builders are characterized by having lean and muscular bodies with enhanced muscular strength and power.