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作者: francis_zhang    时间: 16-8-2009 14:21
标题: issue1
注:申请中必须看

Proposed principles for a new MODL
The previous section outlined the need for a new MODL, one designed to deliver high
value, nation building skills for Australia through an independent visa program that is not
the major source of skilled migration, but supports a demand driven employer and State
sponsored skilled program. This section puts forward some broad principles that would
underpin a new MODL to give this effect.
The objective of a new MODL is to identify applicants for skilled migration who have the
best prospects for making a productive contribution to Australia due to their high level skills
which correspond strongly to Australia’s ongoing needs.
The MODL should be the primary migration instrument for identifying longer term skills
needed in independent migrants. This recognises the role of the permanent and temporary
sponsored visa classes in meeting the immediate and short-term skill requirements of
employers.
Sponsored applicants will remain first priority in the GSM program. That reinforces the
importance of MODL as the main selection mechanism for the balance of places available
in the skilled stream. Introduction of the new MODL will involve phasing out the existing
MODL and the CSL, with transition arrangements to be determined.
i) The MODL targets skills of high economic value to Australia
Skills are acquired through a mixture of education and training and experience. For
individuals, there are strong returns to education, especially at graduate and post-graduate
level, and to occupational tenure.
From the perspective of the economy skills of high value are likely to be those which are:
• highly specialised, occupation specific and taking a long time to learn
• vital in production, distribution processes or service industries
• deployed for the uses intended
• likely to underpin innovation or improved productivity.
A key question is whether eligibility for occupations to be included on MODL should be
restricted to 60 point occupations. Currently, for occupations which attract 40 or 50 point
occupations, the skills assessment is general, that is, it determines whether an applicant
has the level of education required to work in the occupation in Australia and does not
include a consideration of the suitability of that education to the nominated occupation.
While the economic value of some occupations which attract only 50 or 40 points may be
unquestioned, if applicants are unable to work in their nominated occupation or another
equally skilled position, they are prevented from being of high economic value as defined
above.
The issues of skill level and value are sometimes difficult to measure, and there are a
number of options about how we regard the level of skill and economic value of each
occupation. The extent to which the MODL should play a part in contributing skills to the
Australian labour market in occupations for which shortages have been persistent also
requires consideration.
Select skills: principles for a new MODL 25
The ANZSCO includes a concept of skill level, ranking occupations according to a five point
scale. The application of the skill levels in ANZSCO is based on advice from employers,
training bodies, professional associations and others but examination of educational
attainment data from the ABS Survey of Education and Work suggests the skill level
allocations in ANZSCO are indicative in nature.
Assessment of economic value could be considered to be reflected in what employers are
prepared to pay for skills. An earnings threshold below which occupations could not be
placed on the MODL could be considered. This is presently applied to occupational lists in
both New Zealand and the United Kingdom. Concerns about this relate to issues around
payment for hours and conditions of employment such as compensation for split shifts,
dangerous conditions and work in particular locations as well as persistence of shortages in
some key, but relatively low paying occupations which market mechanisms have not
addressed. It is also important that the independent skilled stream does not create
incentives to undermine the salary floor being introduced for temporary sponsored skilled
migrants through the 457 visa regime.
An alternative option for determining high value would be to specify a mixture of required
qualifications and occupational experience. This is already done to an extent but further
development of this concept could be considered.
Research undertaken by DEEWR indicates employers’ unmet skill needs are generally for
workers who have significant relevant experience.
Should the focus of the MODL be broadened in this way, it may also be appropriate to
rename the tool to reflect the importance of a migration program that targets applicants with
a range of high value skill sets, not just occupations.
ii) The MODL complements domestic skill supply and maximises skill
utilisation
Adjustment costs could be imposed on industry, existing local employees and young
entrants to the labour market if the flow of skilled migrants into different occupations is out
of proportion to the size and needs of an industry. For example, an unmanaged flow of
skilled migrants into a particular occupation may increase the difficulty for young entrants to
gain a job in that occupation.
Skilled migration needs to be considered in combination with the supply of skills that come
through domestic education and training. As part of the government’s Education
Revolution, and under the auspices of the Council of Australian Governments, targets have
been set to boost the educational attainment of young Australians.
While education and training imparts many generic skills, equipping individuals to transfer
between occupations throughout their working life, the extent of people working in
occupations which are not at all related to their skills and training represents wastage and
the misallocation of valuable resources. A key factor contributing to skill shortages is
wastage of qualified workers to unrelated occupations. This is equally true of migrants and
those who are domestically trained, however there is some evidence that migrants are
Select skills: principles for a new MODL 26
more likely to find themselves in a lesser skilled job than that for which they are qualified,
although the match improves the longer migrants work in Australia.
Further, the concentration of visa grants in a relatively small number of occupations
suggests a need for consideration to be given to the relative contribution of skilled workers
through domestic supply and skilled migration.
The accountant example provided earlier in this paper shows a relatively large size of the
migrant intake in this occupation as a proportion of occupational employment.
Consideration could be given to the introduction of ceilings or caps on places for individual
occupations. This could be done on the basis of the size of the occupational labour market
or consideration could be given to the appropriateness and feasibility of developing a
migration to training rate concept. However, this latter concept is likely to be difficult and
may be counter productive if the desired outcome of the program is higher migration
intakes in occupations where domestic training numbers have been historically low.
iii) The MODL is prospective
The current methodology for the MODL is primarily retrospective, identifying occupations in
skill shortage and where demand for labour has been strong. Although partial weight is
given to prospective labour demand through the consideration of whether an occupation is
projected to have strong employment growth over the next five years, this factor has
relatively small impact on the overall determination and can be outweighed by other factors.
Revising MODL to have a prospective approach would be an innovative approach to skilled
migrant selection internationally, however, there are clearly inherent complexities
associated with it.
It is not possible to forecast skill shortages with any degree of precision, however a
methodology that places greater emphasis on the likely future demand for skilled
occupations is a better approach given the time lags inherent in the independent migration
process. Work undertaken to produce a prospective basis for the MODL would be
undertaken in consultation with the work of Skills Australia to ensure consistency and to
meet principle ii) of complementing domestic skill supply and maximising skill utilisation.
The DEEWR work which is already used in the MODL methodology, and which models
employment growth figures for each occupational unit group, could be used to rank
occupations. The employment projections are based on a range of factors, including
forecasts from economic models, recent trends and occupational developments, the extent
to which the occupation is concentrated in industries which are themselves growing.
Replacement needs (demand for new workers resulting from people leaving the
occupation) would need to be part of this approach.
In being prospective, the focus would be on the anticipated strength of labour
demand. It may be possible for this work to be considered in tandem with information about
labour supply, although supply side estimates are more complex.
A prospective time frame of 3 to 5 years may be appropriate given the lags in the migration
process and this time horizon could allow consideration of occupations on the MODL to be
Select skills: principles for a new MODL 27
cognisant of changes in skill supply through domestic tertiary education and training based
on past and current enrolment and completion patterns.
iv) The MODL should not be driven by short term employment cycles
As was illustrated in the background section, the number of occupations on the MODL has
varied over the course of its ten year history.
In line with the intent for MODL to be more forward looking and be targeted at high value
skills which are in demand over the longer term, it is desirable that it be relatively stable
and not subject to significant six monthly changes.
Uncertainty about the inclusion of occupations on MODL and the six monthly revisions
focussed on immediate skills needs make it difficult for those who are contemplating
migrating to Australia to plan. Coupled with the time lags associated with the independent
skilled program and the increased focus on the sponsored component of the program to
address short term skill needs, this suggests the need for a more stable MODL which is set
against medium-long term skill needs rather than the more variable, cyclical demand for
occupation specific skills.
v) The MODL needs to take account of other migration arrangements
The methodology underlying a revised MODL and its interaction with the points test need to
reinforce the role of independent migration to supplement, rather than drive the skilled
migration program.
An option flagged above to target higher value skills through MODL is include a work
experience threshold as well as a skills requirement. This would be consistent with the
findings of DEEWR’s skill shortage research that higher value accrues through greater
experience and with the points allocated for specific work experience in the GSM points
test. By definition, most recent graduates would fail to meet this requirement. Consideration
could be given to requiring former students to be sponsored on a temporary visa for a
certain time after graduating before being eligible for independent migration. While this
option would need to take account of the impact on local graduates and possible rorting
which could result from such as requirement, the imminent changes to the 457 program
under the Worker Protection Act address many of the concerns about the potential for
exploitation of temporary sponsored workers.
These pathways should be clear and provide appropriate opportunities for study in
Australia and for permanent residence for those who meet the needs of the Australian
economy and labour market. These settings should not however provide low hurdles for
those seeking permanent residence.
vi) The MODL is evidence based and underpinned by a robust and
transparent methodology
The existing methodology for MODL is documented, transparent and involves a sound
evidence-based process for determining which occupations meet the selected criteria. A
new MODL should preserve this approach, though it will require a new methodology to give
effect to its revised purpose and principles.
Select skills: principles for a new MODL 28
It would also be useful to consider:
• the scheduling of future MODL updates on a regular basis, perhaps annually
• the respective roles of DEEWR and DIAC
• the involvement of stakeholders and of independent experts in the process.
A particular weakness at present is inadequate data on the labour market outcome of
recent migrants, and the extent to which migrant skills are put to good effect, either in their
nominated occupation or one closely related. Evidence about the labour market outcomes
of migrants selected on the basis of their skill would be one of the factors taken into
account in reviews.
The ABS does a biennial survey of recent migrants – defined as those arriving in Australia in
the past ten years – though this does not capture visa class information. For this reason,
DIAC has instituted a new bi-annual survey of recent migrants. The first round of this survey
will take place in September 2009, with further rounds to follow each six months. The survey
will capture the initial labour market outcomes of new permanent residents and former
overseas students who remain in Australia. Subject to meeting necessary quality standards,
this survey could become a significant source in informing updates to the new MODL.
DEEWR already prepares data on future labour demand by occupation. A supporting
research study is examining international experience in forecasting skill needs/shortages,
but quality data on anticipated labour supply arising from the balance of newly qualified
tertiary students against those leaving the occupation or retiring from the labour market is
required.
Select skills: principles for a new MODL 29
Conclusion
By placing a strong emphasis on the capacity of the sponsored program to cater for
immediate skills needs, the Government intends to reposition independent skilled migration
as a program to meet medium to long term skills requirements. The objective of the MODL
review is to examine whether the results being delivered by the current methodology and
how it is weighted in the GSM assessment process are meeting these needs in a changing
labour market. Responses received to this Issues paper will inform the recommendations of
the review on the purpose and methodology that should underpin the MODL into the future.

本贴的宗旨在于:希望大家通过对新移民职业列表预案出台精神的领会,甚至是揣测后,作出及时,合理及正确的判断及回应。

[ 本帖最后由 francis_zhang 于 16-8-2009 18:26 编辑 ]
作者: francis_zhang    时间: 16-8-2009 14:21
未申请的请看全文
作者: sevendragon    时间: 16-8-2009 15:04
这不是移民局网上的么
作者: ydbzw    时间: 16-8-2009 16:22
终于看完了.  摘要一些个人认为值得关注的要点和看法,


The objective of a new MODL is to identify applicants for skilled migration who have the
best prospects for making a productive contribution to Australia due to their high level skills which correspond strongly to Australia’s ongoing needs.-----可能意指 澳大利亚已经不满足于充当普通移民目的地的角色-------  由此导致了第一条 i) The MODL targets skills of high economic value to Australia-------    由此导致了 For individuals, there are strong returns to education, especially at graduate and post-graduate level, and to occupational tenure.

This recognises the role of the permanent and temporary sponsored visa classes in meeting the immediate and short-term skill requirements of employers.------  极可能印证了一些传言, 即永久签证将只给那些对澳大利亚有高经济价值的移民, 临时签证用来满足市场上的雇主需求.

  It is also important that the independent skilled stream does not create
incentives to undermine the salary floor being introduced for temporary sponsored skilled
migrants through the 457 visa regime. ------ 可能意指 澳洲已有大量临时签证457海外劳工, 他们不担心.

it determines whether an applicant has the level of education required to work in the occupation in Australia and does not include a consideration of the suitability of that education to the nominated occupation.------   由此导致了 离岸TRA申请人的很不乐观前景.

While the economic value of some occupations which attract only 50 or 40 points may be
unquestioned------  由此导致了 40分/50分职业极不乐观.

if applicants are unable to work in their nominated occupation or another
equally skilled position, they are prevented from being of high economic value as defined
above.----- 可能意指 澳大利亚移民局意识到,很多PR签证到手的人,却不从事和提名职业相关的工作. 移民局下面政策将要堵这个漏洞.


Research undertaken by DEEWR indicates employers’ unmet skill needs are generally for
workers who have significant relevant experience. ------可能意指  雇主们不满意目前被雇佣者们拥有的相关工作经验, 所以.....(MODL改革)......势在必行.

ii) The MODL complements domestic skill supply and maximises skill
utilisation----- 由此导致了 拥有澳大利亚本国的教育和培训的申请人(domestic education and training),才是他们优先考虑的对象.


It is not possible to forecast skill shortages with any degree of precision, however a
methodology that places greater emphasis on the likely future demand for skilled
occupations is a better approach given the time lags inherent in the independent migration
process.----- 预测短缺比较困难,  可能意指 MODL还会不断调整.         In being prospective, the focus would be on the anticipated strength of labour demand. It may be possible for this work to be considered in tandem with information about labour supply, although supply side estimates are more complex.------ 更加强调劳动力市场预测的复杂化.


iv) The MODL should not be driven by short term employment cycles---- 意指  这次MODL调整将不再会是短期行为.-----这句很重要,可能是未来澳洲的移民风向标.----a more stable MODL---这次MODL将会更加稳定    more forward looking and be targeted at high value skills which are in demand over the longer term----- 再次强调了将会长期选择高性价比的移民.

Consideration could be given to requiring former students to be sponsored on a temporary visa for a certain time after graduating before being eligible for independent migration.-------temporary visa,学生们的前景.

The first round of this survey will take place in September 2009, with further rounds to follow each six months. The survey will capture the initial labour market outcomes of new permanent residents and former overseas students who remain in Australia.----9月出台调查报告,这个劳动力市场调查报告涉及新永居移民和以往的留学生们.



个人读后感:  澳大利亚的移民政策再次收紧了, 10月这次将可能是最"革命"的一次,以往敞开大口袋什么职业都往里装的历史,可能将从此结束. 这是一个10月将推出新MODL前的指导框架,也就是新MODL推出之前的吹风会性质的文件,ACS和IEA可能将继续占有优势地位,但ACS名单和IEA名单的调整不可避免! TRA类别中的绝大多数将会从此坠入深谷,极少数高技术TRA才可能幸免.在离岸和在岸申请人当中,以拥有澳大利亚本国教育和培训的在岸申请人为优先考虑. 另外,州担保将继续保持它的风光和优势。

如有遗漏之处, 欢迎补充!   不妥之处,欢迎指正!

希望更多TZ就issue1文章的内容发表 详细看法.

[ 本帖最后由 ydbzw 于 17-8-2009 02:41 编辑 ]
作者: bigshow    时间: 16-8-2009 16:40
请问以前那些已经提交申请的人呢?那些07年08年的都分了CO的申请者呢?就此作废了吗?
作者: ydbzw    时间: 16-8-2009 16:43
原帖由 bigshow 于 16-8-2009 16:40 发表
请问以前那些已经提交申请的人呢?那些07年08年的都分了CO的申请者呢?就此作废了吗?



移民局公布的这个文章中只字未提"以前那些已经提交申请的人".

另外补充一个个人看法:担保类别的申请可能会比以前更加火暴.
作者: zhangyuanzhi    时间: 16-8-2009 16:45
TRA类别中的绝大多数将会从此坠入深谷,极少数高技术TRA才可能幸免.

请问ydbzw是如何得出此结论的?
作者: francis_zhang    时间: 16-8-2009 16:48
我是流氓我怕谁(大不了赔钱),一个流氓的诞生不是一蹴而就嘀!
作者: ydbzw    时间: 16-8-2009 16:48
标题: 回复 #7 zhangyuanzhi 的帖子
公布的ISSUE1的文章你看完了吗?前2/3的内容都可以印证这个预测.谢谢.
作者: 我的霍巴特    时间: 16-8-2009 16:52
不错。很好。继续。

暴风雨来吧。
作者: ydbzw    时间: 16-8-2009 17:16
标题: 回复 #10 我的霍巴特 的帖子
肯定是你所说的暴风雨.我很羡慕那些过去早早就已经移民的人们.
作者: 蒙面超人    时间: 16-8-2009 17:54
标题: 回复 #11 ydbzw 的帖子
关键的一条,此次MODL调整会不会涉及到优先级?就是会不会对已经提交申请的tx产生影响?

据我理解,之前MODL与优先级无关,只与加分有关;CSL不加分,但是控制优先级。那现在调整MODL取消CSL是不是等于把两者合并?这个我觉得很关键,如果依然会按照优先级别来排队,那确实是很惨,因为原来在CSL上的或者说针对CSL去申请的人又一次被卖了。朝令夕改,让我们看不到OZ ZF对移民的重视
作者: bigshow    时间: 16-8-2009 17:56
原帖由 ydbzw 于 16-8-2009 16:43 发表



移民局公布的这个文章中只字未提"以前那些已经提交申请的人".

另外补充一个个人看法:担保类别的申请可能会比以前更加火暴.

请问07年08年那些已经分了CO的三无或在下个月可能变成三无的申请者有什么安排政策吗?CSL虽然即将被停止,可是好歹都已经处理到今年递交的案子了,而且那些以前已经分了CO的CSL都给处理完了啊。请楼上的帮忙分析好吗?而且现在依然有符合条件的三无递交了新的申请,移民局也依然接受审理,可是案子难道一年一年一直堆积在那里都不处理吗?现有的手头Case都已经沉积了3年 莫非还要再堆积几年?那么多的Case处理的完吗?
作者: francis_zhang    时间: 16-8-2009 18:08
担保渠道已壅塞,有条件还是要做。
三无中那些40-50分的职业可能是获益者,取决于你的职业经过研究和统计后,对澳洲的重要与否。
MODL的动态调整-职业分值。分值达到Pass mark-处理,达不到-等待。而不是以往处理模式。
CSL还未递交的抓紧时间递交,三无继续等待的同时保持耐心。
获得州或领地的提名至关重要。
作者: francis_zhang    时间: 16-8-2009 18:12
以往是MODL相对稳定,以分选材。
作者: francis_zhang    时间: 16-8-2009 18:24
例如相对40-50分的职业,走独立的通道比较难(打分不够),那么就要寻求其他的加分途径。而当需要你的时候,提档进入60分的职业(职业加分,经验加分),自然就受益于政策的支持。
同理州领地提名(地方政府和中央政府-官对官),优势在于它是政府行为。
最糟糕的一种可能,加拿大就是前车之鉴。
本贴的宗旨在于,希望大家通过对新移民职业列表预案出台精神的领会,甚至是揣测后,作出及时,合理及正确的判断及reaction。
作者: f11939    时间: 16-8-2009 18:29
推测:未来会融合现有MODL和CSL,结果是要求更高、范围更窄,留学生机会更多
作者: zzwzzw    时间: 16-8-2009 18:58
考验我心脏的时候又要到了。。。。。。。。。


老是提出要在某个类别的配额上加cap,,,,,,,该想想给我们的等待期加个cap啊。。。。。。。。。。。

[ 本帖最后由 zzwzzw 于 16-8-2009 19:01 编辑 ]
作者: francis_zhang    时间: 16-8-2009 19:05
标题: 回复 #17 f11939 的帖子
澳洲现在有临时工作和学生签证持有者近六七百万,DIAC彻底关门回家算了。
作者: markrjf    时间: 16-8-2009 21:38
不会象加那样变成很小的职业列表吧,那好多职业都没戏了,该怎么办啊?!
作者: ydbzw    时间: 16-8-2009 22:00
标题: 回复 #12 蒙面超人 的帖子
看了ISSUE ONE后,我个人觉得两个月后的新MODL,肯定不是简单地合并目前的CSL名单,而是将会有所删减。排名头十名的职业当中,ACCOUNTANT独占鳌头,风险最大的一定是会计了,第二名和第三名分别是厨师和美发师,风险也极大,剩下的ACS和IEA当中,也是新MODL将要根据high value skills这个标准进行调整的对象,难道所有的ACS类别和IEA类别都符合high value skills吗?估计不会。排名其余的注册护士,电工,金属工等也风险很大。

还有,

对于有TZ提出的“已经提交申请的人”怎么处理,结合目前175根本不分CO的形势,我想了一下,觉得极有可能被你说中,按照新的级别重新排队,因为一:10月MODL大名单要调整,有调整就意味着要排队,目前不分CO或者极少分CO,就是为了减轻排序前CO们的工作量,二,既然澳大利亚移民局在今年已经做过了一次这种让申请人重新排队的先例------即使分了CO,或者到了预签阶段,也让申请人照着新序列去重新排队,干了一次他们就不怕再干第二次。只是苦了我们申请人!

[ 本帖最后由 ydbzw 于 16-8-2009 23:44 编辑 ]
作者: pusu1980    时间: 16-8-2009 22:06
原帖由 ydbzw 于 16-8-2009 22:00 发表
看了ISSUE ONE后,我个人觉得两个月后的新MODL,肯定不是简单地合并目前的CSL名单,而是将会有所删减。排名头十名的职业当中,ACCOUNTANT独占鳌头,风险最大的一定是会计了,第二名和第三名分别是厨师和美发师,风险 ...

不知道焊工的情况如何,还会不会在MODL上?像我这样分完CO的,也补完料的什么时候是头啊!
作者: ydbzw    时间: 16-8-2009 22:13
标题: 回复 #22 pusu1980 的帖子
我个人不认为,普通的TRA有乐观前景,请看文件的中心句-----more forward looking and be targeted at high value skills which are in demand over the longer term。除非你是维修飞机发动机之类的澳洲境内极度紧缺的high skills。欢迎探讨。
作者: wsdy007    时间: 16-8-2009 22:45
对于已经转为州担保,但没有分co的,假设modl调整后不在modl上的,难道又要被从新发配吗 ?
作者: ydbzw    时间: 16-8-2009 23:02
标题: 回复 #24 wsdy007 的帖子
楼主francis_zhang在另外一个帖子里关于老子和儿子的说法很形象!老子一定会考虑到儿子的利益,通常情况下,老子的利益不太可能会和儿子的利益发生矛盾和冲突,在移民局以往的历史上,也好象没有看见过DIAC政策和州/领地的政策发生冲突。你还是安心为好。希望更多TX来谈谈看法。
作者: zhangyuanzhi    时间: 16-8-2009 23:13

ydbzw高度关注有关新modl,请问你是什么职业?
作者: ydbzw    时间: 16-8-2009 23:15
标题: 回复 #26 zhangyuanzhi 的帖子
ACS。同样属于要被调整的对象。
作者: zhangyuanzhi    时间: 16-8-2009 23:19
现在来看澳洲的移民政策搞得比加拿大还要严厉,不知道是怎么想的?

[ 本帖最后由 zhangyuanzhi 于 16-8-2009 21:30 编辑 ]
作者: ydbzw    时间: 16-8-2009 23:24
加拿大的细则我不太了解,但怎么会比加拿大严厉? 没觉得啊。加拿大的ACS现在只有MANAGER级别才有资格申请,澳大利亚还没有到那程度,而且加拿大只剩下38个职业了,澳大利亚还好一些,甚至还给州担保。不过澳大利亚的政策似乎是在向着加拿大或者新西兰政策靠拢了。
作者: zhangyuanzhi    时间: 16-8-2009 23:35
我前一阵子曾关注过魁北克,我的职业属于紧缺列表里的职业。整个申请过程要比澳洲简单不过要学习法语还要到香港面试,联邦的更加简单一些。对了澳洲的移民政策历来就比加拿大繁琐。
作者: francis_zhang    时间: 17-8-2009 00:14
原帖由 ydbzw 于 16-8-2009 23:02 发表
楼主francis_zhang在另外一个帖子里关于老子和儿子的说法很形象!老子一定会考虑到儿子的利益,通常情况下,老子的利益不太可能会和儿子的利益发生矛盾和冲突,在移民局以往的历史上,也好象没有看见过DIAC政策和 ...

理解错误,州担----政府行为,彼此不会自相矛盾轻易不会改变。
          CSL----限制性的过度政策。
作者: f11939    时间: 17-8-2009 00:54
政策收紧是大方向,必然的,“知识经济型”都属于漂亮话,降低OZ失业率才是他们重要考虑的内容之一。失业率是发达国家执政党考评的非常重要的一项指标,现如今全球经济不景气,OZ失业率也上升,各国除了拉动内需就是不断促进就业了。  只要CSL没废除、州担保没废除、新政还没定案,能赶早申请的就不要犹豫了,夜长梦多。

[ 本帖最后由 f11939 于 17-8-2009 01:01 编辑 ]
作者: francis_zhang    时间: 23-8-2009 02:10
在2009年的8月14日,一个周五,本来大家都忙乎着度周末。结果,就是在这么美好的一天,澳洲移民部推出了一项移民职业需要名单(MODL)的改革方案。现在的移民提名职业名单面临着一次重大的改革,一发重磅炸弹坠入整个永居申请人的群体中。一时激起了千层浪,有的人看到别人成了热锅上的蚂蚁,还不知道要发生什么事情。移民部这次是敲山震虎,那些早已是惊弓之鸟的准移民们再次陷入了猜疑和恐慌中。因为,这次的改革将会很多移民职业的分数有所调整。一些50分的专业,将会提高到60分;而原本一些60分的,将会调整到50分。

这次移民部推出的改革意见咨询,只是为今后的制度改革预热。这只是前戏,日后的大幅度改革,将会令很多人一头雾水,对自己所学的专业将会再度质疑。本篇,将带着大家走进这个改革计划,从中分析一下端倪。希望和大家研究出这次巨大改革的前景,冲击和后坐力。这是滴答的应允,有任何的移民政策调整,滴答将及时跟进。。。
第一章:移民提名职业名单重新洗牌的大背影






经济因素无疑是这次改革的主导因素之一;澳洲这次面临的经济低迷,是由于全球性的经济危机导致的,这都是废话,大家都知道这一点。移民部抛出了失业率的数字,用以作为这次改革的依据。在2008年的二月,澳洲失业率是3.9%,几乎是全民就业了。而在2009年的七月,失业率一下子飙升到5.8%。总体来看,澳洲有十分之一的人口现在面临着失业,和下岗。

另外一个更具有说服力的原因,就是人口的老龄化。澳洲四分之一的男子有ED问题,生育成了一个难题。人口老龄化开始了,如果没有新移民的加入,我们这一批人在老年的时候,将面临着无人供养的问题。上下传帮带很重要,人口年龄的阶梯不可以断裂。这样,为各位永居申请者们加入澳洲大家庭提供了契机。没有移民,澳洲将面临着三个P的问题:Productivity(生产力)Participation(参与)还有Population(人口)这三个互动的问题。在今后的日子里,移民将是重中之重,而对于劳务市场的改变,澳洲政府必须审时度势。这也是这次改革的出发点,澳洲政府希望不仅仅引入年轻健康的移民,同时对他们的能力,学历和语言能力有更高的要求。移民政策,已经成为了国策;如同我以前说过的:没有移民,就没有澳洲。
第二章:新世纪,新需求。

历史走进了21世纪,面对老龄化社会的调整,将是澳洲政府在本世纪需要做的事情。而燃眉之急的事情,则是让澳洲的经济及时摆脱出低迷,重新回到经济发展的轨道上。澳洲政府加大了在基础设施上的投资,这意味着需求更多的工匠和技师。所以,很多以往急需的技师行业(TAFE专业)将重新回到急需职业的行列中。

澳洲的经济发展面临着三重挑战:
1.
所有发达国家都将朝着知识为基础的经济模式发展,所以,在认识,通信和高科技方面,澳洲的发展将面临着巨大的需求。而高等教育,将身先士卒地面临着巨大的需求。
2.
第二个长期的需要,则是环境持续发展性所带来的一些职业。例如,像低排耗等等,这些需要新科技,已经目前所掌握的一些技能的更新换代。
3.
最后的挑战则是澳洲的矿产出口。中国,这个加速工业化进程的经济体,需要大量的矿产,我们澳洲将会为他们提供大量的矿产。最近的经济复苏和腾飞,遇到了传输和生产的瓶颈,一些行业的需求,将要打破这个瓶颈。
移民对澳洲的贡献,不需要多谈了。很多政客都在公开地大肆地宣扬着移民对澳洲的贡献,BAXTER不用在这里胡喷了。大家需要了解最新的动向,这是他们的燃眉之急,也是切身之痛。下一章,我将说说,澳洲政府将会如何调整这个移民职业提名名单,它的走势如何。欲知详情,请听下回分解。
第三章:新移民职业提名职业名单的产生方法

推出一项新的移民提名职业名单,是因为以下几个理由。其中一些考量是来自以往的研究报道。清楚地阐述这次调整的目的和主要细节,将会在第二次的报告中推出。值得注意的是,移民提名职业名单不可能立即显示出澳洲经济和社会对急需职业的需要。这是一个前瞻性的名单。

首先,从发现一项职业短缺,到此项技术的移民到达澳洲需要一个周期。也许在两年后的日子里,这个职业不再是短缺的。这样的事情表明,目前行使的移民提名职业,是相对经济周期的变化而设定,而非集中在技术移民计划中的长期的职业需求。换句话说,就是这个名单随着经济变化而变化,是随着经济周期变化而制定的。移民和雇主将会付出一些代价。

其次,现在移民提名职业名单上的那些60分专业对于澳洲经济贡献上,未必比那些40分和50分专业的更加卓越。比如说,最近的情况来看,地理学和城市以及偏远地区的规划并不是急需专业,不是因为这个社会不需要,而是因为没有一个评估机构。这些行业是有资格进入60分专业的,虽然这些专业的学习者们,他们的学习目的不是为了追求澳洲永居,而当今的技术移民打分制度上,这些专业也没有一定优势。然而,这些专业提升到60分专业面临着需要一些技术评估的风险。

再者,在一些紧缺职业里,以此职业提名的永久申请人,没有要求在抵达澳洲之后,在这个职业有工作经验。而对于本地的澳洲学生来说,同样,也没有相应的要求。这就造成了一种短路,就目前情形看,这个移民提名职业名单,并没有有效地缓解了澳洲的技术位置短缺。经过调查,这些移民并没有进入他们提名的职业的因素很多,其中就包括语言的障碍。在2007年的澳洲统计局数字表明,大多数新抵达澳洲的新移民,并没有立即投入到他们提名的行业里,反而进入了一些低技术含量的工作。随着时间的推移,他们逐步进入自己所提名的行业。

为此,澳洲政府推出了加速临时技术移民和雇主提名移民申请的速度,就是要让那些已经在提名行业中工作的人,早日得到永居。这也是技术移民计划的一项调整。

Sue Richardson在她的报告中提出:什么才是真正的技术行业短缺?她呼吁政府应该正视,一个行业的短缺,从开始,中期发展,到末期症状,而不是让一些行业短缺持续多年地被摆放在澳洲移民提名职业名单上60分专业。当劳工市场或者是培训市场缓慢地调整,在一些萎缩的行业中,职业急需可能会延续一段时间。尤其是在经济增长的中期,而经历了相当长的一段时间之后,对这个行业也许会产生不利的影响。

澳洲教育,雇佣及劳资关系部有一个清单,大家从中可以略窥端倪。

职业:              过去的年份里,持续成为国家紧缺职业的年份。


                        20年                    10年
地理学家
                          5                      5
建筑师                     3                     3
土木工程师                 7                      7
矿业工程师                 7                      4
会计                      11                     8
幼教护理                  11                      8
护士                      16                     10
理疗师                    18                      9
言语病理学                 7                      7
电工                      11                      8
木工                       7                      7
码砖工                     9                      8
厨师                      16                      9
面点师                    16                      10

这里,移民部和教育,雇佣以及劳资关系部暗示,一些长期60分的专业,可能会因为经济新形势的需要,和盘踞60分专业高位的时间,做出一定地调整。在最后,老B将推出独家的评论,大家拭目以待吧!
第四章:新的移民提名职业名单的主要诉求和原则


将要推出的新的移民提名职业名单将勾勒出一幅新世纪的蓝图,对于那些雇主提名,和在工作中的临时技术移民将打开绿灯。这个名单,不会单单按照技术移民的诉求而定,而是针对澳洲在以后的长期的发展需要而定。这次改革,将会逐步剔除一些现在停留在移民提名职业名单(MODL)和急需职业名单上(CSL)的一些职业;同时,也将引进一些50分和40分专业进入这些名单。(洗牌!)


1.
新名单将侧重那些对澳洲有着较高经济价值的专业


这些行业,在技术上有着混合的要求,不仅仅是教育文凭,还需要有培训和教育经验,尤其是对于那些本科毕业生,硕士毕业生还有那些职业教育培训生。
·
对于澳洲经济有较高价值的技术职业可以规划为以下几点:
·
专业性极强的,特定职业,以及耗时很久才掌握的技术
·
在生产,分配过程中或者是服务行业中非常重要的
·
针对使用而有意部署的
·
有可能支持发明和提高生产力的

关键的一个问题是,那些60分专业(或职业)是否有资格停留在这个名单上?目前,那些40分和50分专业,审查技术只是泛泛的和最基础的。他们的审查只是针对申请人是否具有一定的教育背景和资历去从事这些行业,而并没有对那些提供教育的机构作出审查,其中包括,这些机构是否合适或者有资格提供这样的教育。毋庸质疑的是,一些40分和50分专业对澳洲社会会产生极大的价值,但是如果这些人学成之后找不到工作,我们的期待将会落空,而这个新计划也有违初衷。
然经济价值和技术层面的问题有时候很难估量,目前,我们规划了一些选择,大致可以评估出他们的表现。在提供紧缺职业方面,澳洲移民提名职业名单应该担任部分的角色,那些存在很久的一些职业需要重新考量。我们需要借鉴一下澳洲纽西兰职业分类标准,简称ANZSCO。(Australian and New Zealand Standards Classification of Occupation )技术评估的申请上,这个标准参照了雇主,培训机构,专业协会还有一些澳洲统计局对于教育和就业的建议,这个标准将会在未来对照参考。

如果评估一个职业给社会带来的经济价值也体现在雇主将会付出多工资方面上。职业起薪低于门槛的职业将会被重新考量,这个考量也出现在新西兰和英国的技术移民计划中。而起薪的评估,将考虑到小时工资,但将不涵盖养老金;而危险工作和特定地区工作的职业也将会被考虑进去。那些低工资,但是没有被市场机构作出反应的行业也将会被考量。同理,在457工作签证的审理中,工资的门坎也被考量。此项制度,将会被放大到技术移民。
评估一个职业商业价值的另外一种选择,是看它的资格要求和行业经验,这个模式已经推行,今后这个概念将进一步大写。
澳洲教育,雇佣以及劳资关系部的调查显示,雇主所需的,一直没有得到满足的职业,通常要求求职者有很强的工作经验。新的移民提名职业名单将更加侧重这方面的要求,重组一些职业需求和模式,目标对准那些具有较高商业价值的申请人,而不仅仅是一个职业。
这次MODL的改革将是一次巨变,受到冲击的民众将会很多,而中国人所学的专业,很有可能会成为裁剪的对象。万家灯火阑珊处,几家欢乐几家愁。城市规划,这个专业很少有中国人读,但是并不代表没有中国人读。昨天晚上我就致电给一个在读城市规划的滴答妹妹ECHO,她心里很开心。据她说,读城市规划的人,很多是澳洲人;中国人很少的,而这个专业目前是50分的专业,她移民的话还差五分;如果改成了60分专业,她连雅思都不用怎么准备了。真的是,不知道哪块云彩下雨。(Nobody knows which way the wind is blowing)

首先,我们分析一下中国人热衷的会计专业。这个专业一直是一个金牌移民专业,在过去的20年里,会计停留在紧缺职业名单里,达11年;在过去的十年里,会计专业停留在这个名单上长达8年。经过这么多年的紧缺,那市场的反应如何?市场上依旧是缺少会计;而那些会计毕业生们,尤其是那些硕士们,毕业就面临着失业。一些会计的起步底薪居然到了2万5澳币,混到连民工都不如的价位。在这篇文章的暗示中,我们可以看到,会计的地位已经岌岌可危。

会计是一个对社会产生极高商业价值的专业吗?答案是肯定的。但是如果一批批会计专业毕业生,走出校门,直接走进唐人街的一些下三滥的会计事务所,倒贴钱去做会计,这样的专业还有前途吗?澳洲政府的统计局不是浮夸数字的,是一个独立的机构,不会盲目地追求某些数字,他们会贴近现实地反映一些数字,供澳洲政府决策人参考。

起薪门坎是2.5万澳币的会计专业,一个与现实需要严重脱节的专业,一个无法满足社会急需的专业课程,其前途是不言而喻的。我预计,这次改革将对会计下手。如果会计毕业生,在毕业后读了专业年(Professional Year),将有惊无险;如果你在毕业后找到了工作,起薪令人满意,你以会计提名绝对是没有问题。

总而言之,这次的改革是大手笔的;很多60分专业将下马,而一些40分或者50分的专业,将提升到60分行列。具体如何改变,大家稍安勿燥。
作者: tototo    时间: 23-8-2009 11:19
会不会把计算机也降成50分职业呢?
作者: TAKE_ME_TO_OZ    时间: 23-8-2009 19:58
个人以为10月份的调整总体应该不是为了更严厉或是进行收缩,而是让移民政策更准确着眼/反映市场需求,同时考虑中长期需要。澳洲移民政策长期以来存在短期,机会性因素,缺乏系统性和前瞻性考虑,其移民部门甚至直接成为对抗金融危机的工具(减员,提高移民收费)。今年初开始实施的CSL更是一个不得已抛出的临时性政策,对于MODL和三无是不公平的。相比较而言,此次调整因会朝更成熟和更稳定方向前进一步。

具体而言, CSL作为优先级工具会消失, MODL会作为PR签证的申请依据。由于MODL的提名职业分类来自早已过时的ASCO,其职业分类之混乱令人啼笑皆非,MODL提名职业将考虑使用ANZSCO(在ACS类中现在将C++和C#分为一类和以一门语言做职业分类的可笑现象估计能得以避免,ACS类的TZ不用再为选哪门语言或工具进行评估而痛苦了,当然是如果我预测对的话),MODL包含的职业估计会按ISSUER1中原则选定(关于入选的类别,我的想法和上面回帖的TX差不多,基调是现有CSL部分职业+部分40/50分的职业,不过类别应该是用ANZSCO的分类),从数量上说新MODL应该比现在的MODL大为减少。

从实际实施上来看,应该是发布后就会实施, 但有担保类和无担保独立PR应该会有不同策略, 现有担保类和临签类会延续现有政策(毕竟担保类较好反映需求,风险较小,并且还有老子要尊重/关心儿子利益的问题),但175类应该会立即按新MODL执行,因为CSL原先并没promise会保持延续性,相反是多次提示CSL处理时间是不保证的。况且CSL融入新MODL后,如果要有什么优先级安排的话,直接适用到新MODL就可以了。所以结论是:

1. 现有担保类和临签类会延续现有政策或没什么实质变动,但现有176类如果提名职业被踢出MODL的话可能存在变数,取决于澳洲政府对州政府判断的尊重程度(个人以为会让现有176继续按现政策处理完毕,所以不用惊慌)
2. 对于175被踢出新MODL的,问题较大。1)按澳政府出台CSL的操作方法,一种可能性是采用鸵鸟政策---拖,不给申请者明确说明以避免法律风险。2)或建议申请者转其他类别(担保类)。3)或干脆退款。考虑到最近增加各种收费的政策,估计3)退款可能性不大。
3. 对于CSL取消后,新MODL下的175的处理优先级别,应该是老样子,但不排除按移民类别分队列,分配额分开处理,即按大类别分开部门同时处理。如果是后者,要看CO是怎么分的了。由于现有CO总数没啥变化,估计处理速度来看应该是老样子。

上面只是个人浅见,也基本是关于OFFSHORE SKILL类的,please take a large grain of salt when reading it.
作者: glnofategl    时间: 24-8-2009 02:03
标题: 有个问题一直没搞懂
这次是仅仅修改modl列表还是直接颁布新政呢?
如果是仅仅修改modl列表,若修改之后仍然modl那么24个月之内有12个月相关工作经验也就可以加那15分了
如果把modl加分的要求改为“4年之内有3年相关工作经验”这样应该不是仅仅修改list了,难道这就是所谓的
“The MODL needs to take account of other migration arrangements”?但这就是彻底的新政了嘛!
或者modl分不同职业设定不同的工作经验年限?
我看那个issue1里暗示提高工作经验年限的有下面两段:
1. “Research undertaken by DEEWR indicates employers’ unmet skill needs are generally for
workers who have significant relevant experience. ”  (P25)
2. “An option flagged above to target higher value skills through MODL is include a work
experience threshold as well as a skills requirement. This would be consistent with the
findings of DEEWR’s skill shortage research that higher value accrues through greater
experience and with the points allocated for specific work experience in the GSM points
test. By definition, most recent graduates would fail to meet this requirement.”  (P27)
尤其是第二段中的最后一句话中的“recent graduates ”
什么叫做刚刚毕业呢?已经工作了一年还算刚毕业吗?

另外我觉得如果评modl改成需要4年之内有3年相关工作经验,那么“work experience”的10分或5分
不就没什么意义了吗?工作3年的人很难低于135分了
作者: here_and_there    时间: 25-8-2009 18:36
标题: 回复 #33 francis_zhang 的帖子
请问楼主,对于已经申请了的三无的175,未分co,有什么影响阿?




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