一个是“Lock, stock and barrel”,另外一个是:“Hook, line and sinker”。
Lock, stock and barrel和Hook, line and sinker都是全部的意思,可是用法却不同。
我们先来举一个Lock, stock and barrel的例子:
例句-2:“Mr. Rockefeller bought the whole oil company lock, stock and barrel.”
这句话的意思是:“洛克菲勒先生把整个石油公司买了下来”。换句话说,也就是他买了这个石油公司的大楼丶油井和其他属于这个公司的资产。
Hook, line and sinker虽然也和lock, stock and barrel一样是全部的意思,可是它还带有受骗的意思。例如:
例句-3:“I warned Sally not to believe that man's stories about how rich he was, but she swallowed them hook, line and sinker. After she married him, she found out that he owed everyone in his office money.”
他说:“我告诉沙利不要相信那个男人说的他多么有钱之类的话。可是沙利却一点都没有怀疑他。等到结婚才发现这个人几乎向每个同事都借了钱。”
刚才我们讲解了在学英语过程中经常会碰到的一些问题。有些习惯用语从字面上看不出它们的确切意思,例如:give me a hand和foot the bill。另外还有些习惯用语在不同场合却表达不同的意思,如blow out。还有一些俗语,它们在字典上的解释是相同的,但是却有不同的用法,就像lock, stock and barrel和hook, line and sinker。
例句-1: Honey, let me take you out to dinner. But you know I don’t feel like dressing up to go some place fancy. How about just going down the street to the greasy spoon and getting hamburgers?”
例句-2: Mike, you ought to try the potstickers at that little Chinese joint on New York Avenue. It looks like a greasy spoon but the potstickers are great and the price is cheap.
例句-3: Say, Charley, if you don't have plans for tonight, why don’t you come out to our house and have a potluck with us? Helen won’t have time to cook anything special, but she can put an extra plate on the table for you.
今天我们要讲两个和耳朵，也就是ear有关的成语。中国人经常说那些不听劝告的人对别人的话总是“一个耳朵进一个耳朵出”，把它们当作“耳边风”。美国也有完全相同的说法。他们是这样说的： "It goes in one ear and out the other."
下面是一个父亲在说他的女儿：
例句-1："I told Sally it was foolish to marry that man, but it went in one ear and out the other. Now she wishes she'd listened to me. He drinks and gambles and she wants to leave him."
例句-2："How many times have I told you to get to work on time. But my words just go in one ear and out the other. So I don't have any choice but to fire you."
下面我们要讲的一个习惯用语是：play by ear. Play就是玩的意思。可是，play by ear的意思并不是“玩耳朵”。这个词汇的来源和音乐有关系。它原来指的是那些会弹钢琴或某种乐器，但是却不会看五线谱的人。每当他们要弹奏某个曲调时，他们只能凭着上一回听到的记忆来弹。可是play by ear现在已经成为日常用语了，意思是做一件事不是事先有计划的，而是走着瞧，临时决定。例如，你被请到某处去讲话，可是又没有时间准备。你就可以对听众说：
例句-3："I haven't had a chance to prepare any notes so all I can do is start talking and play it by ear."
这话的意思是：“我今天没有什么准备，所以就只好讲到那儿就算那儿了。”
下面一个例子是一个人在和朋友约会：
例句-4:"I am not sure if my wife wants me to go shopping with her on Sunday. If she decides to go with her sister instead, then I can play tennis with you. Let's just play it by ear."
例句-2："We had so much food left over from dinner at the China garden last night that we took enough home in doggy bags to feed the whole family tonight."
她说：“昨晚我们在汉宫吃饭剩下了好多菜。我们带回家的剩菜就足够我们全家今天晚上再吃一顿的。”
尽管美国人现在对身体里的胆固醇是否太高很敏感，但是他们到饭馆吃早饭时还是经常要点荷包蛋。可是，荷包蛋的做法各有不同。有的要蛋黄老一点，有的要嫩一点。有的只要煎一面，有的要两面都煎一煎。在英语里，这些都有不同的说法。要是你喜欢吃只煎一面的荷包蛋，那你就应该对服务员说：你要你的鸡蛋： Sunny side up.
Sunny side的意思是太阳的那一面，sunny side up也就是蛋黄向上的意思。要是放在整个句子里的话就是：
例句-3："I would like to have my eggs sunny side up."
例句-4：M: "Miss, I'd like two fried eggs sunny side up and the sausage on the side."
F: "Not me. I don't like to see my eggs staring up at me with big yellow eyes. Miss, two fried eggs, over easy and not fried too hard."
英语里有好些习惯用语都和“水”，就是water这个字有关系。有的用：hot water；还有的用：cold water or deep water。在英语里用这些词汇组成的习惯用语就和水一样普遍。但是，它们都有一个共同的特点，那就是它们一般都含有贬意。今天我们要向大家介绍两个用 water这个字组成的习惯用语。第一个是：in hot water. In hot water的意思并不是“在热水中”。它的确切意思是指某人或某些人出境困难,遇到非常麻烦的问题了。举个例子来说吧：
例句-1："Joe is really in hot water now -- his girlfriend just found out he's seeing another woman."
这句话的意思是：“乔伊现在可是难办了，因为他的女朋友最近发现他另外还有一个女朋友。”
我们再举一个例子：
例句-2："That movie actor tried to cheat on his income tax, but he got caught and now he's in hot water with the government."
这是说：“那个电影演员想在缴纳所得税的时候弄虚作假，可是给税务局发现了。现在，他可麻烦了。”
今天要讲的另一个和water有关的习惯用语是： to throw cold water on something. To throw cold water on something和中文里说的“泼冷水”意思完全一样。下面的例子是一个人在说他办公室里发生的事：
例句-3："Everybody else in the office thought my idea was great, but the boss threw cold water on it."
例句-4："I had planned on going to medical school but my dad threw cold water on this idea the other day when he told me he wasn't sure he had the money to pay my tuition for so long."
这一课里我们再要讲两个和水，也就是和 water 这个字有关的词汇。第一个是 to hold water。
To hold water 按字面解释当然可以说是“不让水漏出来”。但是，它的另外一个意思是指某一个人找的借口、提出的理由、或说的话是确实的，站得住脚的。美国人经常说："That excuse simply doesn't hold water."意思是：那个借口根本站不住脚。我们来举个例子：
例句-1："The accused man claimed that he'd been in another city the night of the murder. But his story didn't hold water after three different witnesses testified in court that they had seen him running from the scene of the crime."
这句话的意思是：“这个被控告的人说，发生谋杀案的那天晚上他出门去了，不在当地。但是，有三个不同的证人都出庭作证说，他们看见他从作案的地点逃跑。因此，他说出事那天他不在当地的说法根本是靠不住的。”
今天要讲的另外一个和water这个字有关的习惯用语是 water off a duck's back。
鸭子身上的毛就像雨衣一样，水在上面呆不住，一下全滑掉了。因此，water off a duck's back 是指毫无作用。就像下面这句句子所说的：
例句-2："I keep telling my friend it's foolish to gamble all of his money, but it's like water off of a duck's back."
这是说：“我一直告诉我的朋友，不要那么傻，把所有的工资都用在赌博上。可是，我的话对他全然不起作用。”
另外一个例子是：
例句-3："The doctors tell us it`s dangerous to smoke, but such good advice rolls off of some people like water off of a duck's back."
这是说：“医生都告诉我们抽烟对身体是有害的。可是，这种劝告对于有些人来说就像耳边风一样，毫无作用。”
水对人的身体来说是非常重要的。可是,在英语里，这些和water有关的成语都含贬意好像有点奇怪。不过，至少有一个和water有关的习惯用语是让人高兴的。那就是：to make my mouth water 顾名思义，这个说法的意思是“让我流口水”。
例句-4："The roast duck that restaurant serves is my favorite dish. Every time I think about it, it makes my mouth water."
这个人说：“我最喜欢吃那个饭馆的烤鸭。每当我想起它我就会流口水。”
今天我们讲了to hold water，water off a duck's back和 it makes my mouth water这几个同water有关的习惯用语。
例句-1："The retreating German army tried to blow up all the bridges on the Rhine River to stop the Allied troops from crossing into Germany."
这句话的意思是：“正在撤退的德国军队设法炸毁莱茵河上所有的桥梁来阻挡联军越过莱茵河进入德国。”
另外blow up也可以指一个人发脾气或发火。我们来举一个例子：
例句-2："I really blew up when I learned that my girlfriend was going out with another man."
这是说：“当我知道我的女朋友还跟另外一个男朋友出去玩的时候，我可真火了。”
Blow up有的时候还可以解释成给气球吹气，给排球和汽车轮胎打气。比如一个人说：
例句-3："I have to stop at the gas station to blow up my front tires."
他说：“我得到加油站去给汽车的前轮打气。”
最后，放大照片也可以用blow up这个词。你可以到印照片的店里对售货员说：
例句-4："I 'd like 8 by 10 blow ups of these negatives, please."
这是说：“请你把这些底片放大成8X10那么大的照片。”
今天要讲的第二个和blow这个字有关的词汇是blow out。
Blow out和blow up 一样至少也有四个不同的意思。汽车轮胎炸了可以用blow out这个词。比如有一个人说：
例句-5："My car smashed into a tree when I had a blow-out."
他说：“当我的轮胎炸了的时候，我的车就撞到一棵树上去了。
Blow-out还可以解释为把火灭掉。比如，一个母亲对孩子说：
例句-6："You'd better blow out that candle before it sets fire to the tablecloth."
这位母亲说：“你最好还是把那蜡烛灭了吧，否则台布都要烧着了。”
在另外一种情况下，blow-out可以指电灯的保险丝断了：
例句-7："All the lights went off in the building and the elevators stopped when the master fuse blew out."
他说：“大楼的总保险丝一断，楼里所有的灯都灭了，电梯也停了。”
Blow out也可以指那种规模很大，排场很讲究的聚会。下面这句话就是一个很好的例子：
例句-8："When the Lees celebrated their 25th anniversary, they invited all their friends to a big blow-out at the best hotel in town."
他说：“当李家夫妇庆祝他们结婚二十五周年的时候，他们在当地最高级的旅馆里举行了一个规模盛大的聚会,把所有的朋友都请去了。”
今天我们讲了两个常用的词汇，一个是blow up，另一个是blow out。Blow up 和blow out各自都有好几个意思。刚学英语的人一开始也许会感到有点混乱。但是多接触，多使用后也就会逐渐熟悉起来的。
今天我们要讲的习惯用语是和鼻子，也就是和nose这个字有关系的。鼻子是我们的嗅觉工具，也是我们的呼吸器官，是人体的一个重要组成部份。英语里有不少成语和俗语等习惯用语都和鼻子有联系的。比如to follow your nose是一直走的意思，或者是随着你闻到的味道去找什么东西，或什么地方。又比如to pay through the nose是指付出很高价钱。
在这次节目里,我们要介绍另外两个和鼻子有关的习惯用语。第一个是 to be led by the nose。To be led by the nose是一种很不愉快的经历。它的意思就是一个人全部在别人的控制之下，就像一头牲口被人用绳子牵着鼻子走一样。那末to be led by the nose在一般情况下的用法是怎么样的呢？下面这句话就是一个例子：
例句-1："Ed's wife is a strong-minded woman and leads him around by the nose."
这句话的意思是：“埃德的太太是一个个性很强的人，埃德简直就是被她牵着鼻子走。”
下面我们再来举一个例子。这是一个爸爸在给他的儿子提供一些忠告：
例句-2："Remember, Son, don`t let other people lead you around by the nose. You'll get along a lot better in life if you use your own judgment and do what you yourself think is the right thing."
这位爸爸说：“儿子，你可千万要记住不要让别人牵着你的鼻子走。要是你能用你自己的判断力，做你认为是对的事，那你的日子会过得好得多。”
下面我们要讲的一个词汇是 under your nose。举个例子来说吧：有一个人突然发现自己的眼镜找不着了，他到处找，楼上、楼下，找遍了家里每个角落还是找不到。最后，他的太太给他找到了。那眼镜就在他坐着看书的椅子旁边。他太太就会说：
例句-3："See, they were right under your nose the entire time."
她说：“瞧，你的眼镜一直在你的鼻子底下。”
Under your nose的意思也就是一样东西离你很近，但是，你就是没有看到。
我们再举个例子来说明under your nose的用法：
例句-4："Did you read in the paper how bold that robber was at the art museum? He cut three paintings from their frames and walked out with them right under the guards' noses."
这个人说：“你有没有在报上看到关于那个去博物馆偷东西的贼有多么大胆的消息吗？他把三幅画从镜框里割了下来，然后就竟然在警卫的鼻子底下带出了博物馆。”
以上我们讲了两个和鼻子，也就是nose这个字有关系的习惯用语。第一个是 to be led by the nose，这是被别人牵着鼻子走的意思。今天讲的另一个词汇是 under your nose，意思是没有看到就在自己身边的东西。
例句-3：I have bad news: our sales were off 18% for the last quarter. So I'm telling you guys -- you have to pull your socks up and get out there and sell more stuff, or you'll be looking for new jobs this summer.
例句-5：Have you seen Jack's sister, who's here visiting from California? She'll knock your socks off: she's the most gorgeous-looking woman I've seen for a long time.
扑克牌是美国人的一种传统性消遣。最普遍的一种扑克牌游戏就叫poker。中文里的「扑克牌」也许就是从poker这个游戏的名字得来的。玩poker这种游戏需要有技巧，还要碰运气，另外你还得有点冒险精神。由于poker在美国人当中十分普遍，因此有许多牌桌上的说法也就逐渐地成了人们日常的用语了。今天我们要介绍两个和poker这个游戏有关的词汇。第一个是poker face. Poker face的意思就是脸上毫无表情，不露声色。这对于玩牌的人来说是很重要的，因为每个人都想猜测谁手里的牌好，谁手里的牌次。可是，要是你摆出一付 poker face的话，谁也猜不出究竟你手里的牌怎么样。
我们来举一个例子，看看poker face在日常生活中的用法。例如，你的同事对你说：
例句-1：I never know whether my boss likes my work or not -- he is a real poker face!
例句-2：I tried to keep a poker face even though I was scared to death when I went back to my doctor to hear the results of my lab tests. But I admit I gave him the biggest smile of my life when he told me the tests were negative and there was nothing wrong with me.
玩牌的时候脸上不露表情的人往往都很谨慎，把牌放在靠胸口的地方，免得给别人偷看。这在英文里就是 close to the vest。Close to the vest用在一般情况下就是指一个人非常小心不让别人知道他在干什么。
我们先来听听一位记者的讲话：
例句-3：Two other governors have already announced that they will run for president in the next election but the governor of our state is still keeping his plans close to his vest -- nobody is sure what he will do.
例句-4：John, keep this close to your vest but I want to tell you our company is going to merge with a big New York corporation -- they'll announce it sometime next week.
他说：“约翰，我要告诉你，我们的公司要和纽约的一家大公司合并了，他们下星期内就要宣布。不过你知道就行了，不要往外说。”作者: naughtybaby 时间: 10-6-2008 18:24
I broadcasted this lesson when I was an undergraduate...
So nice to see it again!作者: chubbycat 时间: 11-6-2008 00:25
「美国习惯用语」第十一讲
The shoe is on the other foot
To work hand in glove
美国的成语或俗语和其他语言一样同生活中的各个方面有关。有一些和食品有关，有的来自扑克牌游戏，还有的和穿着有联系。今天我们要讲的两个习惯用语是和鞋子、手套有关系的。首先，我们要介绍的是“The shoe is on the other foot”。
The shoe is on the other foot的意思是：形势已经完全不同了。下面这个例子就能够说明the shoe is on the other foot在日常会话中是怎么用的：
例句-1: "Back in school we made fun of Jones because we thought he spent too much time studying instead of having fun. Now the shoe is on the other foot -- he's made lots of money and the rest of us are just barely making enough to feed our families."
这句话翻成中文就是说：“以前在学校里念书的时候，我们老是笑话琼斯，认为他这个人老是念书，不会玩。可是，现在情况就完全不同了。他赚了不少钱，而我们这些人的收入只够维持家计而已。”
下面的一个例子是一个球迷在夸耀当地的棒球队：
例句-2: "For the last ten years the Tigers have been the worst team in the league: we've finished down at the bottom. But now the shoe is on the other foot: we have all these good young players and we're beating everybody else in the whole league."
这句话的意思是：“我们这个地方的球队老虎队十年前是参加联赛的所有球队中最次的一个，比赛结果老是最后一名。现在可不同了。我们球队的队员都很年轻，球艺也好。他们把其他球队一个个全打败了。”
现在我们来讲一个和手套有关的习惯用语： To work hand in glove
To work hand in glove的意思是密切合作。我们来举个例子吧：
例句-3: "The local police are working hand in glove with the FBI to find the bank robbers."
这是说：“当地的警察正在和联邦调查局密切合作设法找到那些抢劫银行的罪犯。”
Hand in glove这个词汇也经常用在反面的场合，形容一些人合谋犯罪等。下面就是一个例子：
例句-4: "I read in the paper about this customs officer they arrested at the airport. They caught him working hand in glove with a gang of smugglers to bring diamonds into the country without paying duty."
这个人说：“我在报纸上看到有关那个在机场被逮捕的海关官员的消息。他们发现他和一些走私者密切合作，把钻石带进来而不缴关税。”
上面我们讲了两个美国人常用的词汇。第一个是 the shoe is on the other foot，这是指情况完全不同的意思。另外一个是 to work hand in glove，这是密切合作的意思。
例句-1: "Turn left at the next corner and then follow your nose -- you can't miss it."
这人说：“到前面的路口向左转,然后一直走就到了,你不会看不到的。”
很明显，这句句子里“follow your nose”的意思就是“一直走”。 Follow your nose还可以解释为利用嗅觉找到什么东西。例如：
例句-2: "You say you're looking for the French Bakery? Just walk two blocks north, turn left, and you can smell that wonderful smell of fresh bread baking: just follow your nose and it will bring you right to the front door.”
“Follow your nose”在这句句子里着重的是嗅觉，而不是方向。今天我们要讲的第二个常用的习惯用语是: Pay through the nose。 Pay就是付钱的意思。按字面上来解释，pay through the nose就是通过鼻子来付钱，这听起来似乎很痛苦。而实际上，pay through the nose的确切意思是付出比真正的价值高得多的钱，或者说付出的钱实在太多而感到心痛。我们来举个例子吧：
例句-3: "My brother Bob borrowed the money to open his restaurant five years ago when the interest rate was so high, so he's been paying through the nose ever since."
例句-4: "Life is funny. When the famous dutch painter Vincent Van Gogh was alive, nobody wanted to buy his pictures. But now rich people will pay through the nose for one, sometimes more than five million dollars."
今天我们讲了两个和nose有关的常用词汇。第一个是follow the nose。Follow the nose可以指“一直走”，也可以解释为随着你闻到的味道去找什么东西，或什么地方。今天讲的第二个和nose有关的词汇是to pay through the nose。To pay through the nose是付出很高价钱的意思。作者: chubbycat 时间: 11-6-2008 00:27
「美国习惯用语」第十三讲
To keep an ear to the ground
Up to one's ears
大约一百五十年前，美国一些开荒的人逐步地到西部的荒野去开拓。这些拓荒者从当地印第安人那里学到了一个诀窍，那就是躺下身来把耳朵贴在地上，就可以听到几英里以外野兽奔跑的蹄声。这对于那些拓荒者来说是非常重要的，因为他们听到的蹄声也许是印第安人骑着马来攻打他们的马群奔跑声，也可能是几千头受惊的野牛正向他们奔驰而来。如果不及时躲避，他们会被这些野兽践踏成泥的。现在，印第安人和野牛群的威胁已经没有了。可是，把耳朵贴在地上这个诀窍已经成为一个俗语，在英文里也就是 to keep an ear to the ground。
To keep an ear to the ground，它的意思就是保持高度警觉，及早发现那些即将会发生的事情的预兆。比如说，一个精明的政客对选民的想法总是很警觉的，有时候，一些选民还没有想到的事，他们倒已经想到了。下面一位国会议员说的话正好说明了这一点：
例句-1:"Every two weeks while the Congress is in session, I try to get back home to California to talk to people. This doesn't give me much time to relax with my family, but I have to keep an ear to the ground and hear what voters are thinking about."
这位议员说：“当国会举行会议的时候我每两个星期设法抽空回加州一次去和当地的人进行交谈。我没有多少时间可以和家人在一起，但是我得及时了解选民的想法。”
下面我们再听听另外一个议员说的话：
例句-2:"I try to keep an ear to the ground and what I hear these days is that most people think we spend too much money on building roads and not enough on our schools."
这个议员说：“我总是设法注意人们的想法。最近我听说，大多数人认为我们在筑路方面花钱太多，而用在学校方面的钱却不足。”
下面我们要讲的一个习惯用语也是和耳朵，也就是ear有关的。它是 up to one's ears。 Up to one's ears有好几个意思。首先，它可以解释成“很忙”的意思。比如说：
例句-3: "Half the people in my office are home sick, so I'm up to my ears!"
这个人说：“我办公室里有一半的人有病请假，所以我简直忙得不得了。”
下面这个例子是一个丈夫为了逃避到厨房去帮他太太的忙正在找借口：
例句-4:"Gee, honey, you know I'd like to help you paint the kitchen tonight, but I'm up to my ears in paper work I had to bring home from the office. "
这个丈夫说：“亲爱的，你知道我很愿意今晚帮你把厨房上油漆。可是我从办公室带回来好些要做的事。”
Up to one's ears这个习惯用语在下面这句句子里的意思就不同了：
例句-5:"The mayor says he didn't know people on his staff were taking bribes. But my guess is he's up to his ears in it."
这句话的意思是：“市长说他不知道他手下的工作人员接受贿赂。可是，我猜想他完全是介入这些事的。”
今天我们讲了两个习惯用语，第一个是 to keep an ear to the ground，意思是保持高度警觉。另一个是 up to one's ears，这是指很忙，或者是完全介入某件事的意思。
美国人最普遍的纸牌游戏就是扑克,扑克牌游戏就像牛仔裤一样具有美国特色。那末，扑克牌游戏是怎么玩的呢？很简单，每次游戏开始，在发牌前，每个参加玩扑克的人都在牌桌中间放同等数目的钱。发牌以后，每个人再下赌注。发牌前每个人拿出来的钱和发牌后下的赌注都归游戏的获胜者。由于扑克牌游戏在美国人当中十分普遍，因此有许多牌桌上的语言逐渐就成了日常用语。例如：Sweeten the pot。Sweeten the pot在牌桌上的意思是把赌注的总数加得高一些，这样可以对玩游戏的人更有吸引力。可是，这个词汇已经变成一个日常用语了。它的意思是：为了使一个提议更有吸引力而在原有的条件基础上再增加一些对对方有利的条件。我们来举个例子看看：
例句-1: "Miss Smith didn't want the job until the company sweentened the pot by offering her a higher salary and the use of a company car."
例句-2: "They've built so many new office buildings here that they have trouble renting out all the space. So some landlords sweeten the pot; they offer a company six months free rent if it signs a three-year lease."
另外一个来自玩扑克牌游戏的词汇是：The cards are stacked against you。The cards are stacked against you。这句话是说，你处于很不利的情况下，成功的机会很少。下面的例子是说一个人受了骗:
例句-3: "Last night I got into a poker game with these men I met in the hotel bar. And I lost a thousand dollars before I realized the cards were stacked against me. All I could do was pick up the money I had left and walk away."
例句-4: "I really wanted to try out for the basketball team when I was in college. But the cards were stacked against me: I'm only five feet six inches tall and everybody else was six-two or even taller."
现在，美国人就把有的人突然失去控制而勃然大怒的现象叫作：To fly off the handle。Fly是飞的意思，而handle是指斧头柄。我们来举个例子看看，to fly off the handle在日常生活中是怎么用的。
例句-1: "My wife spent all afternoon yesterday cooking a special dinner for our wedding anniversary. So she really flew off the handle when I came home three hours late."
他说：“为了庆祝我们结婚周年，我太太化了整个下午精心烹调。可是，我昨晚晚了三个小时才回家。她可真火了。”
当然，丈夫也会发火的。下面说话的这位太太正在担心她的丈夫会对她发火。她对丈夫说：
例句-2: "Honey, please don't fly off the handle -- I had a little accident with the car, but it certainly wasn't my fault."
她说：“亲爱的，你可别发火。我出了一点小车祸，但是那绝不是我的错。”
那些开发西部的拓荒者经常拿打猎获得的小动物作为他们的肉食，有时还利用它们的皮毛。他们还训练狗在打猎的时候学会把打中的动物叼回来。可是，动物为了逃命，往往会爬到树上去。那些狗有时一糊涂没看清楚动物上了哪棵树，结果对着一棵没有动物的树乱叫。这在英文里就是：To bark up the wrong tree。To bark 就是狗叫，wrong是错的意思，tree就是树。To bark up the wrong tree翻成中文可以说是：找错门了。例如，一个人说：
例句-3: "If my brother-in-law hopes to borrow any more money from me, he will be barking up the wrong tree."
这句话的意思说：“要是我的小舅子再想问我借钱，那他算是找错了门了。”
Barking up the wrong tree也可以是指错怪了某人。下面这句话就是一个例子。警察逮捕了一个嫌疑犯，并在盘问他。这个人对警察说：
例句-4: "Hey man, if you think I was the guy who robbed that bank today, you're barking up the wrong tree! I was nowhere near the place."
他说：“喂，要是你认为我是今天抢银行的那个人，那你就错怪我了。我根本就没上那儿去。”
今天我们讲了两个和美国开拓西部有关的习惯用语。
第一个是：To fly off the handle，这是发脾气，发火的意思。
第二个是：To bark up the wrong tree，这是指找错了门或错怪了人。
「美国习惯用语」第十五讲就到里。欢迎下次再一起来学习美国习惯用语。再见。作者: 喜鹊 时间: 12-6-2008 01:31
More idioms come out please, drag them out slowly day by day 作者: chubbycat 时间: 13-6-2008 04:04
美国习惯用语 第十六讲
四十年前，乘飞机可是一件新鲜事，是一个值得向朋友夸耀的冒险行动。可是，现在乘飞机已经变得和乘公共汽车差不多了。美国的航空公司每天大约有一百万乘客。空中飞行变得如此普遍的原因之一是由于电子导航系统的发展，这样飞机就可以在无线电电波发出的领航信号指挥下准确地从一个机场飞到另一个机场。这些尖端的科学设施已经变得非常普遍，因此美国英语里有一个表达形式，那就是：Right on the beam。Right on the beam在日常生活中的意思就是一个人做某件事做得很对。下面就是一个例子：
例句-1:"Your school report is right on the beam: you followed directions exactly and got all the facts down in the right order."
例句-2:"I thought Mr.Claghorn's speech was right on the beam last night! Just like he says, we need to spend more money on educating our children. He makes a lot of sense to me."
像电子导航系统这样现代化的安全设施在以前是根本没有的。在使用无线电电波，雷达和空中交通管制系统前，飞行员只能根据地面的铁路、河流和水塔那样的标记来决定他们的航向。要是一个飞行员不得不在云层里飞，或在气候不好的情况下飞行的话，那他只好靠自己的猜测来决定方向了。这在英语里就是：To fly by the seat of his pants。现在人们用To fly by the seat of his pants来形容某种局面，也就是你在做某件事的时候没有明确的指导，也缺乏足够的知识。下面这个例子就可以说明这个词汇在日常生活中的用法：
例句-3:"When Jones started up business in a new town, he didn't know anybody, so he had to fly by the seat of his pants."
例句-4:"Driving to a friend's house last night I took the wrong turn off the main highway and got lost. I didn't have a road map but I flew by the seat of my pants and after twenty minutes I found the street I was looking for."
以上我们讲了两个来自空中飞行的习惯用语。
一个是：Right on the beam，在日常生活中这句话的意思就是一个人做某件事做得很对。另外一个习惯用语是：to fly by the seat of my pants，这是来形容某种局面，也就是你在做某件事的时候没有明确的指导，也缺乏足够的知识。作者: chubbycat 时间: 13-6-2008 04:05
「美国习惯用语」第十七讲
例句-3: "Did you hear what happened to Joe? He's lost his shirt, the poor guy -- invested all his money in a fancy restaurant and it just went out of business."
例句-4: "Be careful of salesmen who call on the phone and offer to sell you land on the beach down in Florida. You can lose your shirt because the chances are the land is under water at high tide."
例句-1: "My boss is a stuffed shirt: all he talks about is how important his ancestors are, how he was number one in his class at his university, and the wonderful things he thinks he's done for our company."
这个人说：“我的老板老是爱摆架子，吹嘘自己。他一开口就是说他的祖先的地位有多么重要，他在大学念书时又如何成为他们班里的第一名，还自称对我们公司作出了多大的贡献等等。”
下面这个例子是一个选民在谈论他对候选人的看法：
例句-2: "I think I'll vote for Jimmy Brown instead of the other guy James Leland Elegant the third. Jimmy ins't a stuffed shirt like Elegant -- he's a friendly, informal guy like us ordinary people."
他说：“我想我会投布朗的票，而不投那个看来很高雅的利兰。布朗不像利兰那末神气活现。他很友好、随和，就像我们普通老百姓一样。”
我们再来讲一个和shirt这个字有关的俗语：To give you the shirt off his back.。从字面上来解释，to give you the shirt off his back 就是把他的衬衣从背上拿下来给你。一个人要是肯把衬衣脱下来给你的话，那就是一个在你患难的时候能拿出他所有的一切，包括他的衬衣，来帮忙的人。这种朋友是很可贵的。下面我们来举一个例子。这是一个女孩在和朋友说她的父亲：
例句-3: "Of course Dad gets mad at me sometimes for no good reason. But if I ever need it, I know he would give me the shirt off his back."
这是说：“我父亲有时对我发火也不见得有什么道理。但是,只要我需要，他总是会尽一切力量帮助我的。”
不仅是父亲，那怕是在一般人当中，这种好心人也是不难找到的。例如下面这句句子里谈到的这个人：
例句-4: "Pete never says very much. But when he hears about somebody who's sick in the hospital or lost his job, he's always the first to put his hand in his pocket and bring out money to help. Yes, sir, he's the kind of man who'd give you the shirt off his back."
这句话的意思是：“皮特这个人平时话不多。但是，每当他听说某人有病进了医院，或失了业，他总是第一个拿钱出来帮忙。是的，他是这种会尽力帮助别人的人。”
今天我们讲了两个和shirt这个字有关的成语，一个是：A stuffed shirt，这是指那些爱摆架子，表现得神气十足的人。 另外一个成语是 To give you the shirt off his back，这是指尽自己的力量帮助别人。「美国习惯用语」第十八讲就到里。欢迎下次再一起来学习美国习惯用语。再见。作者: chubbycat 时间: 13-6-2008 04:06
「美国习惯用语」第十九讲
To bail out
Nose dive
每一种语言都反映了各个民族的文化习俗和社会发展。美国的许多成语和俗语也不例外。它们不仅表现了美国历史上各个不同阶段的特点，而且也反映了这个国家当代的特色。四十年前，乘飞机在美国还是少有的事，现在已经成了人们旅行的一种很普通的交通工具。对于某些经常到外地去的人，坐飞机已经像乘公共汽车一样。有些夫妻分居两地的人，每个周末乘飞机回家也不是很特殊的事了。今天我们要讲两个由飞行俗语而变成日常用语的词汇。过去，当飞行员在空中发现汽油不足或是机器出了故障，他们就不得不用降落伞，以保生命的安全。这在英文里就叫：To bail out。To bail out 用在飞行方面就是从飞机上跳伞。可是，现在除了军用飞机外，很少飞行员还带着降落伞飞行。To bail out 现在已经成了一个日常用的词汇，它的意思就是摆脱一些麻烦或危险。比如说，一个人在谈到他的朋友的时候说：
例句-1: "Smith was lucky enough to bail out and quit the company just before it went bankrupt."
他说：“施密斯还算是运气，在那个公司倒闭前就辞职了。”
下面一个例子是说怎么样帮助别人渡过经济难关：
例句-2: "After his restaurant failed, Bill couln't pay back the money he had borrowed from the bank. He was afraid the bank would take the house he'd put up as security. But his dad bailed him out and paid the loan off for him."
这句话的意思是：“比尔的饭馆倒闭后，他没有钱来还银行贷款。他当时很害怕，担心银行会把他的房子拿走，因为他把房子当做他贷款的担保。后来，他爸爸替他还清了银行的钱，这样才把他从危机里解救了出来。”
例句-4: "Everyboday thought this young actor would have a brilliant future after he starred in two pictures that made a lot of money. Then he appeared in three films that nobody want to see, and his career took a nose dive -- no producer wants him any more."
这句话是说：“大家都以为那个年轻演员，在演了两部盈利非常高的电影后，一定会前途无穷的。可是后来，他又演了三部谁都不要看的电影。这样，哪个制片人都不要他了，他的影台生涯从此就一落千丈。”
在美国人讲话时，或从书刊报纸上，你经常可以听到或见到一些由手臂，就是英文里的arms这个字组成的成语或俗语。有些习惯用语从字面上就可以很明显地了解它的意思，不需要解释。With open arms 就是一个很好的例子。当你听到一个朋友说: "My family received me with open arms when I came back from my trip to California." 很明显，这是说当你的朋友去加利福尼亚州后回家的时候，他家里的人都非常欢迎他。可是，有些习惯用语就不像with open arms这样容易理解了。比如说，什么是：Up in arms？这儿的arms不是指手臂了，而是指武器，如枪、炮、箭等。Up in arms的意思是起来进行武装斗争，或者非常愤怒，准备打架。我们来举个例子：
例句-1: "All us students are up in arms at the news the school is raising our tuition ten percent."
这句话的意思是：“当我们学生听到学校要提高百分之十的学费时，我们都火冒三丈。”
下面我们要举的例子是一个国会议员在和一个同事谈论新的税收提案:
例句-2: "No way am I going to vote for a bill to raise income tax again. The voters back home are already up in arms about how much the government takes out of their pay already and I have to run for re-election this fall."
这位议员说：“我绝不会投票支持再次增加所得税的提案。我们州的选民对政府现在从他们工资里扣除的税的数量已经非常恼火了。而我今年还要竞选连任。”
例句-3: "I keep trying to get friendly with that lovely blonde who sits next to me in biology class. But she keeps me at arm's length."
他说：“我一直设法和那个生物课坐在我旁边的金发姑娘接近。可是,她老是和我保持一定距离。”
在用at arm's length作为和谁保持一定距离的时候,一般都是这么说的：to keep someone at arm's length。
下面我们再来举一个例子。这是一个人在警告一个朋友不要和某人接近：
例句-4: "Let me warn you about this Smith fellow. He seems like a nice, friendly guy. But it's wise to keep him at arm's length. You get too friendly with him, and the first thing he'll do is ask to borrow money from you."
这个人说：“我要警告你关于那个叫Smith的家伙。他看起来似乎很友好。但是，你最好还是和他保持一定距离。一旦你和他过于接近，他马上就会问你借钱。”
今天我们介绍了两个和arms 有关的习惯用语。第一个是：Up in arms，这是指起来进行武装斗争，或者非常愤怒，准备打架。另一个是：At arm's length 或者To keep someone at arm's length，这是和某人保持一定距离的意思。「美国习惯用语」第二十讲就到里。欢迎下次再一起来学习美国习惯用语。再见。作者: chubbycat 时间: 13-6-2008 23:05
「美国习惯用语」第二十一讲
To shake a leg
To pull one's leg
美国的成语和俗语,也和其他语言一样,有许多都是由身体各个部份的名称组成的。例如：To follow your nose是指“一直走”。另外还有：To play by ear，意思是看着办。其他还有用hand 和foot这些字组成的习惯用语。
在这次节目里我们要向大家介绍由腿，也就是leg这个字组成的习惯用语。中文里也有许多和腿这个字有关的俗语,像拉后腿、飞毛腿等。我们今天要讲的第一个习惯用语是：To shake a leg。Shake的意思是“摇动”。 Leg当然是指腿。你可能已经猜到，to shak a leg就是赶快行动的意思。
举个例子来说吧，一个妈妈对儿子说：
例句-1: "Come on, shake a leg, son, or you're going to be late for school."
这个妈妈说：“儿子，你快点儿吧！否则你上学要迟到了！”
下面我们再举一个例子。这是一个卡车司机在对卸货的人说话：
例句-2: "Let's shake a leg there, you guys! I got to get this truck unloaded and on the way back to the warehouse before dark."
他说：“喂！你们这帮人快点儿吧！我得把这车货卸完，在天黑前赶回仓库去呢。”
例句-3: "My roommate said this girl had told him she wouldn't mind going out with me. But when I invited her to a movie, I learned he was just pulling my leg."
这个大学生说：“我的同房间同学说，那个女孩愿意和我一起出去玩。可是，当我请她去看电影的时候，我才发现我那同学是逗我，开我的玩笑。”
要是这个大学生聪明一点的话,他当时就可以对他的同学说：
例句-4: "Hey, stop pulling my leg, will you! I don't believe that girl really said she likes me and would like me to take her out."
这句话的意思是：“喂，你别逗我行不行！我才不信那个女孩真的说了她喜欢我，还要我邀她出去玩。”
今天我们讲了两个由leg这个字组成的习惯用语。它们是：To shake one's leg，这是指赶快动作的意思。
To pull one's leg，这是指和别人开玩笑。和leg这个字有关的俗语里还有一个很有趣的说法,那就是：Break a leg! 从字面上来看，break a leg难道是断了一条腿？或是倒霉？不是，break a leg的确切意思是祝愿别人成功。例如，你的朋友明天要去参加高考，你就可以对他说：Break a leg! 不管你明天要去干什么，我们在这儿也希望你Break a leg!
例句-2:"My son has been twisting my arm to let him take my car out on a date ever since he got his driver's license. This weekend, I finally let him take it. And now it's in the body shop for a thousand dallars of repairs: he had an accident on the way to pick up his girlfriend."
下面我们要讲的一个俗语里既有 arm 也有 leg：To charge someone an arm and a leg。Charge就是要多少价钱的意思。任何东西要你付出一只手臂，还加上一条腿恐怕要价也太高了一点，很不值得。很明显，to charge someone an arm and a leg的意思就是要价太高。下面这句话就是一个例子：
例句-3: "Don't go to that fancy new restaurant. The food isn't very good and they charge you an arm and a leg for it!"
例句-4: "Say, if you need a dentist, you might want to try my brother. He's fresh out of dental school and trying to set up a practice. But he does good work, and he won't charge you an arm and a leg for it like most other dentists."
一般人在做任何事情的时候总是想找捷径，越容易越好，这似乎是人的本性。因此，在英语里有不少成语和俗语是形容办事很容易的。其中之一就是：To take candy from a baby。Candy就是吃的糖，baby在中文里就是小孩。To take candy from a baby的意思就是：某件事情很容易办成，就像把孩子手里的糖拿来一样。请听下面这个例子：
例句-1: "Getting grandmother to loan me the money was as easy as taking candy from a baby."
这个人说：“要我祖母借我那笔钱那简直是太容易了。”
我们再来举一个例子吧。这是一个被关在监狱里的犯人在和牢房里另一个犯人说话：
例句-2: "Louey told us that robbing this bank would be as easy as taking candy from a baby. But somebody told the police and they were waiting for us. We had no choice but to throw down our guns and surrender."
To take candy from a baby，欺负小孩，从小孩手里拿糖，在想象当中是很容易的。但是，实际情况恐怕并不见得如此。发明这个成语的人也许从来也没有设法把婴儿的小拳头扒开，然后把那小手里的糖拿来。任何做过父母的人都会告诉你孩子一般都会紧握着手里的糖不放，要是你硬是要拿，他就会大声哭叫。可是，尽管如此，to take candy from a baby已经成为美国人经常用来形容办事容易的词汇了。
另外一个形容事情很容易办的俗语也是和食品有联系的，这就是：A piece of cake。Piece 是指一片，或一块；cake就是蛋糕。A piece of cake的意思当然可以是指一块蛋糕。可是，作为俗语，它的意思就成了：这件事太容易了。例如，一个工作人员，犹豫了好久，最后终于鼓足了勇气去和老板提出增加工资的要求。他原来以为要和老板进行一番争论。可是，出乎他的意料，老板马上同意了，还说，他确实应该增加工资了。这样，他喜笑颜开地回到家里对太太说：
例句-3: "Honey, I finally asked Old Man Jones for my raise. And it was a piece of cake!"
他说：“亲爱的，我终于对老琼斯提了要求增加工资的事。我没有费吹灰之力他一口答应了。”
首先使用 A piece of cake 这个俗语的是二次世界大战期间联军的飞行员。那时，他们往往是这样说的：
例句-4: "At the briefing before we took off to bomb the Germans, our commander told us it would probably be a tough flight. But it turned out to be a piece of cake: no anti-aircraft fire and no enemy fighters."
上面我们讲了两个形容事情很容易办的俗语。一个是To take candy from a baby；第二个俗语是A piece of cake。「美国习惯用语」第二十三讲就到里。欢迎下次再一起来学习美国习惯用语。再见。作者: chubbycat 时间: 13-6-2008 23:20
「美国习惯用语」第二十四讲
例句-1: "Read this book by Professor Winter -- he's a top gun in Shakespeare research."
这位教师说：“大家看一下温特教授写的这本书，他是在莎士比亚研究方面最优秀的学者。”
Top Gun这个习惯用语在美国律师当中用得也很多。下面的例子就是一个律师在给他的委托人提供建议：
例句-2: "Sorry, I don't handle divorces myself, but if you really want to divorce your husband, I can give you the name of two of the top guns in New York when it comes to getting a good divorce settlement."
例句-4: "Our new cook from Sichuan is bringing in a lot more people. And the bottom line is that last month we made a profit of fifteen thousand dollars."
他说:“我们那个从四川来的新厨师吸引了不少顾客。其结果是上个月我们赚了一万五千美元。”
美国人经常问下面这个问题：What's the bottom line? 这就是说，在对一个问题讨论结束后，其结果到底是什么，这也是有关的人所必须了解的内容。
笑是人类表达喜怒哀乐各种不同感情的一个不可缺少的形式。笑这个字，也就是英文里的laugh经常出现在美国的成语或俗语里。人们经常会做一些事，纯属为了高兴。这在英文里就是：Just for laughs。Just for laughs这个俗语在不同情况下，它的意思也就不同。首先，它可以解释为：做某件事纯属为了高兴，就像我们上面讲的那样。我们来举个例子吧。
例句-1: "Come on and get your jacket -- let's go out and have a couple of beers just for laughs."
这个人说：“来吧，穿上你的外套，我们到外面去喝两杯啤酒高兴高兴。”
可是，Just for laughs有时也可以指做愚蠢的事，或有害的事。下面的情形就是一个例子：
例句-2: "Just for laughs they tossed Mary in the swimming pool with all her clothes on. Then they found out she didn't know how to swim."
下面要讲的一个和laugh这个字有关的习惯用语不一定会使当事人高兴。To laugh up one's sleeve。Sleeve就是衣服袖子。To laugh up one's sleeve从字面上来看是在袖子里笑，实际上也就是偷偷地笑。To laugh up one's sleeve的真正意思就是偷偷地笑话某人，因为这个人有些可笑的地方，而他本人还没有发现。例如：
例句-4: "We were all laughing up our sleeves at the teacher when he was up at the blackboard explaining the math problem. He had a rip in the back of his pants and didn't know it."
例句-5: "We were all laughing up our sleeves at our brother when he sat down at the dinner table. He'd seen his girl off at the airport and had lipstick on his face and didn't know it."
今天我们讲了两个和笑，也就是laugh这个字有关的习惯用语。
第一个是：Just for laughs，这是纯属为了取乐的意思。
第二个是：To laugh up one's sleeve，这是指暗暗发笑的意思。作者: chubbycat 时间: 16-6-2008 02:12
「美国习惯用语」第二十六讲
A horse laugh
The last laugh
笑是最好的药品。不管这句话对不对，美国大众读物「读者文摘」的一个笑话拦就是用这句话来做标题的。但是，笑并不一定总是显示高兴或快乐。笑这个字，也就是英文里的laugh，在一般情况下都含有褒意，可有的时候却包含一种贬意，类似耻笑、讥笑、冷笑等，这些当然不会是好的药品。今天我们要讲两个由 laugh这个字组成的习惯用语，一个是 a horse laugh，另一个是 the last laugh。从这两个词汇中，我们就可以看到laugh这个字在英文里和中文一样具有正反两面的含义。现在，我们先来讲 a horse laugh。Horse就是一头马。A horse laugh在英文里并不是指马在笑。作为一个俗语，a horse laugh是一种表示不信任的嘲笑。下面这个例子是说一些人对某个竞选议员的候选人表示不信任：
例句-1: "When this guy running for Congres told us how much money he'd save us taxpayers, we all gave him the horse laugh. We knew when he was in the state legislature he always voted for higher taxes."
例句-2: "Harry thinks he's God's gift to women: that none of them can resist his charm. So we all gave him the horse laugh when he asked the new girl in class to go to a movie and she told him to get lost."
下面我们要讲的一个和 laugh 这个字有关的俗语是 the last laugh。The last laugh的意思就是，在某人开始做一件事情的时候，许多人都说他不会成功。但是最后他还是成功了。这时候，他的心里很高兴，也许还很得意，这就是the last laugh。发明飞行的赖特兄弟两人就是一个例子。当他们在1903年十二月宣布他们将实现人类飞行的梦想的时候，有的报纸写文章讥笑他们。可正是那一天，他们开创了人类进入飞行的新时代。The last laugh可以说是最令人满意的笑了。我们来举个例子吧：
例句-3: "I used to laugh at my roommate in college -- he'd stay in and study on weekends while I went out for a good time. But I guess he has the last laugh on me. He's a famous brain surgeon and me, I'm selling used cars and barely make enough to live on."
以上我们向大家介绍了两个和laugh这个字有关的词汇。它们是a horse laugh和the last laugh。作者: chubbycat 时间: 16-6-2008 02:14
「美国习惯用语」第二十七讲
A red letter day
Red tape
红颜色这个字，就是英文里的 red，也经常出现在美国的成语和俗语里，有时是正面的，有时是反面的。例如，我们在中文里说，铺上红地毯来欢迎外国贵宾。在英文里也就是 to roll out the red carpet to honor a visiting head of state，或者也可以说 to give someone the Red carpet treatment。我们来举个例子吧：
例句-1:"When Ann came back from her long vacation, we gave her the red carpet treatment."
这是说：“当安度了一个很长的假期后，我们像贵宾一样欢迎她回来。
可是 red 这个字有时也包含着一种贬意，比如说 in the red。做生意的人最怕 in the red，因为那是指亏本。今天我们要讲两个由 red 这个字组成的习惯用语，一个具有正面的含义，另一个包含着反面的意思。我们先来讲一个表示高兴、快乐的习惯用语 a red letter day。A red letter day 的中文意思就是：大喜日子。对于某个人来说，那是指发生好事的一天。例如，一个母亲说：
例句-2:"It was a real red letter day for me when my son came home from three years in the navy. We rolled out the red carpet to welcome him home."
我们从这句话里也可以看出，to rolled out the red carpet 并不一定要用在高官显贵的身上，对普通人也能这么说。我们再来举个例子说明 a red letter day：
例句-3:"I'm lucky--my birthday is a real red letter day. It's on December 31, New Year's eve and all over the world people are out celebrating it."
这个人说：“我运气真好，我的生日是十二月三十一号，刚好是新年前夕，全世界的人都庆祝那一天。”
下面我们要讲的一个俗语，它的含义我敢肯定人人都讨厌。这就是 red tape。Tape 是带子的意思。Red tape 是指官僚主义，或文牍主义。换句话说，red tape 就是人们在和政府或官方机构打交道时往往会遇到的拖延、混乱等令人烦恼的障碍。那末，这和红带子又有什么关系呢？这是因为在古时候官方的文件一般都用红带子捆起来的，这样红带子就和官僚主义连在一起了。现在我们来举个例子：
例句-4: "With all the red tape I ran into at city hall, it took me three months to get my business license."
这个人说：“我在市政厅遇到了各种官僚主义的麻烦。我化了整整三个月才拿到营业执照。”
下面我们再来举一个有关 red tape 的例子：
例句-5:"You can't believe how much red tape there is in getting a visa. You have to get a birth certificate and other personal papers and fill out a bunch of complicated forms and have an interview. After that you wait and wait."
今天我们讲了两个以 red 这个字为主的习惯用语。第一个是 a red letter day，另一个是 red tape。作者: chubbycat 时间: 16-6-2008 02:22
「美国习惯用语」第二十八讲
A black sheep
A white lie
黑颜色和白颜色往往是对立的。黑代表黑夜和邪恶，而白象征着日光、善良或美德。在美国好莱坞早期那些无声电影里，导演往往给英雄人物戴上白帽子，而给坏蛋戴黑帽子。这样，连十岁的孩子一看就马上知道谁是好人，谁是坏人。白帽和黑帽就这样逐渐成了一个习惯的说法，也就是 white hats and black hats。White hats and black hats 就代表好人和坏人。黑和白这两个字 black and white 经常在美国的成语和俗语中出现。可是，它们并不一定像好人、坏人那样黑白分明。有时候，黑还具有肯定和积极的意思。例如，对一个做生意的人来说 in the black 就意味着赚钱，而不是亏本。今天，我们要讲两个和 black and white 这两个字有关的成语。首先我们来讲一个和black有关的常用语 a black sheep。Black 当然是指黑颜色，而 sheep 是一头羊的意思。一头黑颜色的羊 a black sheep 指的是一个给他周围的人带来耻辱的人。请听下面这个例子：
例句-1: "Uncle Joe is the black sheep in the family. Instead of getting a job, all he does is drink too much, gamble away any money he gets and chase after women."
例句-2: "We all thought my youngest brother was the black sheep in our family. In fact he was in so much trouble he ran away to Australia. But he started a new life there, married a wonderful girl, and now he's a millionaire."
下面我们要讲的一个习惯用语是和 white 这个字有关系的，这就是 A white lie。Lie 就是谎话的意思。那末，难道骗人还分黑白吗？是的。A white lie 的意思就是那种为了避免使对方感到难受而说的谎话。比如说，一个女孩子新交的男朋友很难看，但是为了不要使她感到难受，你说了个谎，说你认为他很英俊。回到家，你就对丈夫说：
例句-3: "I told a white lie when I told Jennie her boyfriend was goodlooking. The truth is he's just about the ugliest man I've ever seen."
她说：“我骗珍妮说，她的男朋友很英俊。其实，他大概是我看到的所有男人当中最难看的了。”
我们再来举一个例子：
例句-4: "My mother and dad taught me never to tell a lie. So I feel guilty every time I tell even a little white lie, although I do it just to make somebody feel better."
今天我们讲了两个和黑和白，也就是 black and white 有关的俗语。它们是 a black sheep 和 a white lie。「美国习惯用语」第二十八讲就到里。欢迎下次再一起来学习美国习惯用语。再见。作者: chubbycat 时间: 16-6-2008 02:24
「美国习惯用语」第二十九讲
例句-1: Say, I'm sorry but we just sold the last TV set we had on sale. But I'll give you a raincheck so you can still get the special price when we get in a fresh stock a couple weeks from now.
例句-2: I'd love to go out with you, Ben. I'm sorry I'm busy tonight, but I'd like a rain check.
她说：“本，我很愿意和你出去玩。但是，非常抱歉的是我今晚很忙。我们下回去玩好吗？”
******
下面我们要讲的一个和雨，也就是rain这个字有关的成语就是It never rains but it pours. It never rains but it pours这句成语翻到中文就是“祸不单行”的意思。我们举个例子来看看It never rains but it pours这个成语在句子里是怎么用的：
例句-3: I really feel sorry for Mike. First his wife left him. Next he lost his job. Then somebody stole his car. Like they say, it never rains but it pours.
例句-4: Oh boy! You can't believe the trouble I had today. My alarm clock didn't go off, so I missed biology class. Then, I lost my home work assignment for math. I invited my girlfriend to lunch and after we ate, I found I'd left my wallet at home. It never rains but it pours.
今天我们要讲的两个俗语是和枪，也就是英语里的gun这个字有联系的。我们要讲的第一个俗语是to stick to one's guns。对于士兵来说，在被很多敌人包围的情况下还要能持续装炮弹发射的话，他们肯定需要很多勇气。这种精神在英文里就是to stick to one's guns.
To stick to one's guns从字面上来解释是指枪。但是这个俗语现在几乎和枪没有什么关系，它的意思就是：在日常生活中坚持原则，稳步前进，不屈服外界的压力。比如说，一个爸爸对他在大学念书的女儿讲话：
例句-1: Pumpkin, I hear that some of the students at your school are fooling around with drugs. But I hope, young woman, that you stick to your guns and keep saying no!
这位爸爸说：“小鬼，我听说你们学校的学生里有吸毒的现象。我希望你坚持正道，坚决抵制这种恶习！”
事实上，世界上有许多事都是靠坚忍不拔的精神才能办成的。下面我们再来举个例子：
例句-2: I have to admire the ladies who fifty years ago worked so hard to get women the right to vote. People laughed at them at first but they stuck to their guns and got the congress to pass the 19th Amendment back in 1920.
例句-4: At the staff meeting this morning the boss told us she wanted to see us at our desks busy working instead of spending so much time standing around shooting the breeze with each other.
今天美国两个很有名的年轻电影明星，一个叫Paul Newman，另一个叫Tom Cruise。不久前他们一起拍了一部电影，叫「绿钞票」。这是因为美国钞票的背面都是绿颜色的。绿颜色也是草和树等自然界生物的颜色。除此之外，绿颜色还可以包含其他各种意思。有的时候，它意味着年轻、新鲜、有力、成长。另外一些时候，绿颜色是指不成熟,就像没有熟的苹果那样。我们今天要讲的两个俗语就是跟绿颜色，在英文里就是 green 这个字有关的。第一个是green thumb。大家都知道green 的意思是绿颜色。Thumb 就是大母指。可是green thumb 并不是说某人的大拇指变绿了或染上了绿颜色。Green thumb指的是某人在种花或种菜方面很有才能，或在这方面很有知识和技术。比如说，一位太太在谈到她邻居李太太的时候说：
例句-1: "I wish I had a green thumb like Mrs. Lee -- look at the beautiful roses in her yard."
这位太太说：“我真希望我能像李太太那样会种花,瞧她院子里的玫瑰花多好看呐！”
可是，不会种花和种菜的人看来还不少，下面讲话的这个人看来更糟糕：
例句-2: "I guess I don't have much of a green thumb: every year I plant cabbage, beans and sweet corn in my backyard but all I ever get is a lot of weeds."
在全世界各地，绿颜色的交通灯就是可以通行的意思。可是，除了交通灯以外，人们也经常在日常生活中用「开绿灯」这个说法来表示某个计划获得批准，可以进行。在中文里，我们也经常这么说的。下面我们要介绍的一个俗语就是 green light。我们已经知道，green就是绿颜色，light就是指灯。Green light就是绿灯。在美国，一个在某公司工作的管理人员可能会对他的秘书说：
例句-3: "My boss liked my idea to open a branch office in Los Angeles and gave me the green light to go ahead."
这位经理说：“我的老板非常支持我在洛杉矶开一个分公司的建议。他让我按计划去办。”
下面我们再来举个例子：
例句-4: "The astronauts were in the space shuttle ready to go, but somebody saw one of their computers had a problem. It's fixed now, but Houston Control is checking it again before they give the green light to launch."
美国的成语和俗语五彩缤纷。其中有一些是和红颜色有关，如：red letter day 和 red tape。有的和绿颜色有关。如：green thumb 和 green light。不管是红或是绿，它们都含有特殊的意思。
今天我们要讲两个和蓝颜色，也就是英语里的 blue 这个字有关的成语。在日常生活中，blue是一个非常口语的词汇，美国人经常使用。它的意思就是情绪很低。正因为如此，blues 这个字就成了爵士音乐里面的一种。称谓 blues 的这种爵士音乐，它的特点是节奏慢，曲调很低沉。
在日常会话中，要是你对一个朋友说: "I really have the blues today." 这就是说，你今天因为某种原因情绪很不好。
现在，我们先来讲一个和 blue 有关的俗语：singing the blues。Singing 的原动词是sing，就是唱歌、唱戏的唱。Singing the blues 的意思就是诉苦、抱怨。请听下面这个例子：
例句-1: "Every time I ask Joe to pay back the money he borrowed from me, he sings the blues about all the things at home he needs money for."
这人说：“每当我要乔还他借我的钱的时候，他总是诉苦，说他家里有多少开支。”
换句话说，就是乔用诉说家里的种种困难来做借口，设法不还他欠的钱。我们再来举个例子：
例句-2: "Don't pay any attention to that guy! He's always singing the blues about how poor he is, but the truth is he has more bucks in the bank than the two of us put together."
下面我们要介绍的另一个俗语是 like a bolt out of the blue。Bolt 是闪电，blue 在这儿是指蓝色的天空。 Like a bolt out of the blue 的意思就是晴天霹雳，也就是出乎意外、没料想到。有时，你花几个小时也解不开一道数学题。可是，当你不再去想它的时候，你脑子里突然出现了答案。人们还经常用 like a bolt out of the blue 来形容车祸。请听下面这句句子：
例句-3: "A driver may testify that he was going the normal speed limit when a truck appeared in front of him out of the blue and he did not have time to stop."
例句-4: "The announcement that the president of our university was quitting to go to another school hit us like a bolt out of the blue. He's always said he liked it here so much he would stay until he retired."
今天我们讲了两个俗语。一个是 singing the blues；另一个是 like a bolt out of the blue。作者: chubbycat 时间: 16-6-2008 22:48
「美国习惯用语」第三十三讲
as American as apple pie
hot potato
美国人很喜欢吃 apple pie。 Apple pie是一种用烤箱制作的甜点心，它的外面是一层面粉，里面是用苹果做的馅儿。中文有时把 apple pie翻成“苹果排”。美国人喜爱吃apple pie是他们刚从欧洲移居到美洲来以后就开始了。每个家庭主妇都经常做苹果排。为了说明apple pie是美国生活的一个特点，人们常说: "As American as apple pie." 这句话的意思是：就像苹果排一样具有美国特色。下面就是一个例子：
例句-1: So many Asian restaurants have opened up in Washington that a writer on a daily paper here jokes that dim sum, Japanese sushi and Vietnamese spring rolls have become as American as apple pie.
例句-2: Football and baseball are as American as apple pie as they were invented by Americans and played and watched everywhere in this country. Many people would glue to their TV sets whenever there are major competitions.
美国人也很喜欢吃土豆，特别是刚从烤箱里拿出来的一个个热气腾腾的土豆。下面我们要介绍的一个俗语是: hot potato。大家都知道hot的意思是热或烫。 Potato就是土豆。热的土豆固然好吃，但是它会烫你的手，你会想法马上甩掉的。 Hot potato作为俗语，它的意思就是一个争论很激烈的问题，没有一个人愿意为它承担责任。例如：
例句-3: The question of whether to raise taxes to cut the budget deficit is a real hot potato for a lot of politicians.
这个人说：“是否用增加税收的方法来减少预算赤字的问题对于许多政客来说是一个棘手的问题。”
下面这个例子是一位律师在给另一位律师提供建议：
例句-4: If I were you, I'd drop that client like a hot potato; he's always suing somebody for something, but he usually loses and he doesn't pay his lawyer's bills.
鸡蛋也是一些美国俗语的组成部份。要是一个人把他所有的钱都当做赌注，想冒险发财，这在中文里是“孤注一掷”，在英文里就是：to put all his eggs in one basket. Eggs就是鸡蛋，one basket就是一只篮子。 To put all his eggs in one basket的意思就是把所有的鸡蛋放在一只篮子里，这样是很冒险的。我们来举个例子:
例句-1: If you want to play the stock market, it's smarter to divide your money and buy three or four different stocks instead of putting the whole amount into just one stock and putting all your eggs in one basket.
To put all your eggs in one basket不仅可以用在经济方面，它还可以用在其他方面。下面这句句子就是一个例子：
例句-2: Going steady in high school with only one member of opposite sex is a mistake. Go out with several people -- don't put all your eggs in one basket.
乌鸦是人们都讨厌的鸟，它又大又黑，叫的声音既粗又难听。乌鸦的肉也老得没法吃。可是，有一个美国俗语偏偏就是“吃乌鸦”: to eat crow. Eat就是吃，crow就是乌鸦。乌鸦肉根本是没法吃的，因此要一个人吃乌鸦，那肯定是非常难受的。这也正是to eat crow这个俗语的意思。 To eat crow的确切意思是一个人把自己弄得很丢脸，因为他犯了一个很难堪的错误，而又不得不承认。也许举个例子能够更好地说明to eat crow的意思：
例句-3: That man running for mayor went around bragging he'd win the election by a big 50,000 majority. But he had to eat crow when the woman running against him won by more than 60,000 votes.
例句-4: Our neighbor had to eat crow yesterday. He's been telling us what a good tennis player he is. Well, he took my 12-year-old son out to play and the kid beat him three straight sets.
当别人提到猴子的时候，你脑子里会出现一个什么形像呢？一般来说，人们认为猴子是一个很聪敏的动物，大家都喜欢观察它们，这是因为猴子的行动往往跟人很像。它们也确实和人一样有的时候很调皮、爱耍花招。美国的成语和俗语也反应了猴子的这些特点。今天我们要讲的两个习惯用语就是和猴子的特性有关的。我们要介绍的第一个俗语就是：monkey business。 Monkey 就是猴子的意思， business 是指做生意或办什么事。但是 monkey 和 business 两个字合在一起用的时候，它们的意思就变了。 Monkey business 是指不道德或不合法的行为，往往是偷偷摸摸和具有欺骗性的行为，例如盗用公款等。下面我们来举一个例子：
例句-1: "The newspapers say there's a lot of monkey business going on at city hall, with officials getting money under the table from people who want the contract to build the new airport."
Monkey business 不一定指当官的人贪污腐化，一般人当中也可能出现不轨行为，下面这个人说的就是一个例子：
例句-2: "I think there's some kind of monkey business going on in that house across the street. People going in and out all day long; maybe they're selling drugs or something."
下面我们要讲的一个和 monkey 有关的俗语是 to make a monkey out of somebody。 Somebody 是指某个人。To make a monkey out of somebody 这个俗语的意思是：把某人弄得好像一个傻瓜一样。下面我们来举一个例子：
例句-3: "My friend Pete made a monkey out of me the other day. He told me the party Saturday night was formal, so I wore a suit and tie. But everybody else there was wearing a tee-shirt and blue jeans. It sure made me feel like a fool."
我们今天讲了两个和monkey 有关的俗语。它们是 monkey business 和 to make a monkey out of somebody。[美国习惯用语」第三十五讲就到里。欢迎下次再一起来学习美国习惯用语。再见。作者: chubbycat 时间: 17-6-2008 22:37
「美国习惯用语」第三十六讲
hot seat
hot and bothered
美国人在日常生活中经常用hot这个字，例如 hot potato， hot dog，hot number， hot rod等等。它们有的时候代表好的、正面的意思，但有一些则具有反面的意思。今天我们要介绍两个和hot这个字有关的习惯用语。第一个是：hot seat。
大家都已经知道hot这个字是热的意思，seat 就是座位。 Hot seat这个俗语从字面上来解释就是那个座位很热，或很烫。但是，它的真正意思却并非如此。大家都知道，有些国家在处决那些被判死刑的犯人时不是用枪决的方式，而是让犯人坐在一张可以通电的椅子上，把他电死的。以前，人们就是把犯人坐的那张椅子叫做hot seat。可是，美国好些州现在都已经废除了死刑。Hot seat这个俗语的意思也有所改变。现在，hot seat这个俗语指的是那种可能会产生麻烦，或让人感到难堪的局面。请听下面这个例子：
例句-1: I thought it would be fun to judge the high school beauty contest. Instead I ended up on the hot seat. When we picked the winner, I made one girl happy and nineteen others mad at me.
例句-2: If you're mayor of a big city these days, you're sitting in the hot seat -- it's hard to make voters happy when you don't have the money in the budget to give them all the things they expect.
例句-4: Please don't get hot and bothered about all these dirty pans and dishes, honey. After dinner you just sit down and relax and watch TV, and let me clean up the kitchen.
在美国英语里，有一些习惯用语都和neck这个字有联系的，但是它们的意思却各不相同。我们先来讲一个美国人经常用的、由neck这个字组成的俗语：to break your neck。 Break 这个字的意思是把什么东西弄断或打破。但是，to break your neck的意思并不是指你的脖子真的断了。 To break your neck作为俗语是尽一切力量努力去做某件事的意思。下面这位爸爸说的话就很清楚地告诉大家to break your neck这个俗语的用法：
例句-1: I wish Sam would study harder, because I am breaking my neck to scrape up the money to keep him in college.
例句-2: You don't have to break your neck fixing this TV set: I really don't need it next week.
他说：“你不必赶紧地修这个电视机,我下星期并不需要它。”
在任何情况下把脖子伸得太长都是既冒险又危险的。中国话里有“枪打出头鸟”的说法。在英文里就是：to stick your neck out。据说to stick your neck out这个说法是来自形容乌龟的处境。当乌龟的头缩在乌龟壳里的时候，一切都很安全。可是，一旦它们把头伸出来，那可就危险了。可是，to stick your neck out已经成为美国人在日常生活中常用的表达形式了。下面我们来举个例子：
例句-3: I think my boss is dead wrong about hiring his son-in-law, but I'm not going to stick my neck out and tell him!
这个人说：“我认为我的老板雇用他的女婿是绝对错误的，但是我才不去冒那风险去告诉他呐。”
可是，不怕担风险的人还是有的。下面这个人就是在称赞他们州的国会议员：
例句-4: I admire our congressman -- he's one politician who's not afraid to stick his neck out and say what he really thinks, even if it costs him some votes.
下面我们再讲两个和脖子有关的俗语。第一个是 pain in the neck。Pain这个字大家都知道是痛的意思。 Neck 是指脖子。但是，pain in the neck 并不是脖子痛的意思，pain in the neck 是说某人很讨厌。这个俗语非常普遍，你每天都可以听到美国人这么说: He's a real pain in the neck.这就是说：“那个人真讨厌。”下面这个例子是一个饭馆的老板在说某个顾客：
例句-1: I want to run and hide every time I see that woman come into my place. A real pain in the neck; she's always complaining about the food and the service.
Pain in the neck 不是一定要针对别人说的，有时还可以用在自己身上。我们来举个例子。下面是一个很不高兴的爸爸在对儿子说话：
例句-2:I don't want to be a pain in the neck, son, but I've reminded you a dozen times already to clean up your room. Better do it tonight, or you can't use the car this weekend.
下面我们要介绍的一个和 neck 有关的习惯用语是 neck and neck。 Neck and neck 是指比赛进行得很激烈，竞争双方不相上下。 Neck and neck 这个说法原先是来自比赛，如赛跑、赛马等。就拿赛马来说吧，有的时候两匹马齐头并进，很难分辨出那匹马在前头，那一匹在后头。在有的情况下，一匹马由于它的脖子比另一匹马先到终点而获胜，还有的时候甚至由于它的头，或它的鼻子先到而成了冠军。但是，neck and neck 现在也经常用在别的竞争方面，下面这个例子就能说明这一点：
例句-3:Right now, only a week from the election, the republicans and the democrats are running neck to neck and none of the experts can predict which party will win.
例句-4:I'm running neck and neck with the clock to see if I can finish on time.
这句话的意思是：“这次节目的时间已经很紧了，我正在加紧播送，不知能不能在限定时间内播完这次节目。”
我们讲了两个和neck这个字有关的习惯用语，其中之一是pain in the neck。 Pain in the neck 是指某人非常讨厌的意思。这是美国非常普遍的一个俗语。我们今天介绍的另一个和 neck 这个字有关的习惯用语是neck and neck。 Neck and neck是指比赛双方齐头并进，竞争十分紧张，不分上下。作者: chubbycat 时间: 17-6-2008 22:41
「美国习惯用语」第三十九讲 (下载)
to have a heart
cross my heart
人的心是我们喜、怒、哀、乐各种感情的源泉，因此“心”这个字出现在美国不少的成语和俗语中也就不足为奇了。在大多数情况下，人心显示出来的是人类感情善良的一面，例如慷慨。要是有一个人对你说: "Aw, come on -- have a heart!"
To have a heart 要是从字面上来解释那就会毫无意义了，因为每个人生下来都是有一颗心的。To have a heart 是一个俗语，它的意思就是要求别人对说话的人表示同情，或者是要求别人帮助他。
例句-2: "Charlie, I know I've owed you the hundred bucks for a long time. But, have a heart: give me a little more time because I really don't have it right now."
从科学的角度来看，人的心就是人体内输送血液的重要部份。但是，对我们大多数人来说，人的心要比这意义深远的多，它不仅是维持生命所不可缺少的一部份肌体，而且也是人的各种感情的源泉。今天我们再来讲两个和“心”，也就是英文里的 “heart”这个字有关的习惯用语。首先,我们要讲的是：My heart stood still。我们上面已经说过，“heart”就是心， stood 就是 stand 的过去时，意思是站着， still 就是静止的、不动的。大家可能从字面上已经猜到 My heart stood still 的意思了。 My heart stood still 就是指某件事使你非常害怕，或惊恐，以致你的心脏都几乎停止跳动了。我们来举个例子吧：
例句-1:"My heart stood still when the other car ran through the red light and I knew we were about to crash."
例句-2: "I have to tell you my heart stood still when I saw that baby fall into the water. But that boy jumped right in after the kid and pulled him out before he went under -- that boy deserves a medal!"
例句-3: "Son, you and I have to sit down and have a heart to heart talk about your school grades. You have to do something to bring them up if you want to get into a good college."
一个是“Lock, stock and barrel”,另外一个是:“Hook, line and sinker”。
hook, line and sinker 直译过来就是 鱼钩、鱼线和铅坠 是钓鱼的工具，可以领会一下精神，就是鱼吃诱饵的时候把钩子甚至和相连的坠子和线都吞掉了，形容来者不拒吧……作者: chubbycat 时间: 29-6-2008 00:30
「美国习惯用语」第四十一讲
to go all out
to go though hell or high water
大多数的人都很钦佩那些力量充沛、勇往直前的人。这种人为了达到目的而采取行动的时候毫不畏惧。在认定了目标以后，他们就会全力以赴。这种精神在英文里就是：to go all out。一本字典对to go all out的解释就是：以最大的决心和所有的力量去做一件事。 To go all out这个俗语经常用在体育方面，下面就是一个例子：
例句-1: Our basketball team went all-out to win the championship game. But so did the other team, and they beat us by two points.
例句-4: That's a very close family -- whatever happens to one of them, sickness, money trouble, anything, the rest of them come to help. They'd go through hell and high water for each other.
大胆勇敢和鲁莽轻率之间的界线有的时候并不是很明确的。今天我们要讲的两个俗语就能够分清这两种不同的品质。首先我们要给大家介绍的一个俗语是 to go for broke。 To go for broke 的意思就是一个人准备冒损失一切的危险来采取一项行动，也可以说是“孤注一掷”。体育运动员往往会遇到这种情况。下面就是一个例子：
例句-1: "The biggest auto race of the year is ready to start. All the drivers are ready to go for broke and drive their cars until they fall apart."
例句-2: "Okay, I'm going to go for broke and bet all the money I have on my cards. I don't see how anybody can beat what I'm looking at here in my hand."
拿到一付很好的牌而冒一些风险似乎还是有一定的道理。可是有些人在情绪激动或者发怒的时候往往会在没有充份估计形势的情况下，不顾后果地鲁莽从事。这在英文里就是 to go overboard。 Overboard 这个字的意思是从船上掉到水中，就像一个粗心大意的水手，专心致意地忙着工作，一不小心，手没抓紧就掉下水去了。 To go overboard 作为一个习惯用语可以解释为在不顾自己安全的情况下就鲁莽地采取行动。下面我们要举的例子是一个妻子在劝她的丈夫不要轻率地作出决定：
例句-3:"John, let's not go overboard and get a new car right now. With all the other expenses we have, we won't be able to make the monthly payments."
比如说，你正在找工作，和某个公司约好了去面谈，或者你第一次要去和一位异性会面，这个时候你就想要给他们一个好印象。这在英文里就是to put your best foot forward。为了给人造成一个好印象，也就是说to put your best foot forward，你在去面谈前肯定会尽量把衣服穿得体面一些，在和人面谈的过程中脸上还老是笑容可掬。下面这个例子就是某人在给别人出主意，如何设法给招工的单位一个好印象：
例句-1:Better get a haircut before you go to that job interview tomorrow. You want to put your best foot forward because there are twenty other people after the same job.
我们再来举一个例子说明怎么样用 how to put your best foot forward：
例句-2:I finally got a date with that girl I've been trying to go out with so long. So I'm putting my best foot forward and sending her a dozen roses and a box of chocolates before I pick her up tomorrow.
你难免有的时候会在生活中或工作中碰到一些麻烦和困难，可是，要是你很聪敏或者是很幸运的话，那末这些麻烦和困难都能得到解决。美国有一个俗语就是形容这种情况的。这个俗语就是to land on your feet。 To land on your feet的字面意思是：你的脚站在地上。可是它的确切含义是：你在经历了一些困难后最后又回到一个稳定的状态，也可以说是逢凶化吉了。那么，这个俗语的出处是什么呢？有的语言专家认为，这个俗语可能来自对猫的观察。你也许注意到，当一只猫从树上掉下来的时候，它表现出一种特殊的技能：它能在空中还没有落地之前调整自己身体的姿势，从而使自己平安地落地。我们来举一个例子吧：
例句-3:My brother Joe got fired for never coming to work on time, but he landed on his feet and found another job that paid twice as much money.
例句-4: Mr. Green is one of these people who's not afraid to put his money into some very risky investments. Sometimes he'll lose out, but somehow he usually manages to land on his feet and find money to put into something else that makes a profit.
有的人一开始就给人一个坏印象是怎么说的呢？ You should say: to get off on the wrong foot。 To get off on the wrong foot，这是指某人一开始就没给人一个好印象，或一开始由于某种行为而把事情弄糟了。下面这句话里说的这个人就是一个例子：
例句-1: When Joe went to his new job, he got off on the wrong foot. On the first morning he upset his new boss by arriving at the store two hours late. And right now he's out looking for a job again.
To get off on the wrong foot这个俗语实际上可以适用于任何情况。下面一个例子是一个男学生在说他交女朋友的情况：
例句-2: I finally got a date with that new girl in class but I sure got off on the wrong foot with her: I had car trouble and got to her place almost two hours late.
有意无意做错事、说错话的情况是很经常的。下面我们要讲的一个俗语就是无意中说错了话而伤害了别人，或者叫自己很不好意思。这个俗语就是：to put your foot in your mouth。
我们来举个例子看看什么样的情况才 to put your foot in your mouth：
例句-3: When Sally told that silly joke about the sailor with one leg she really put her foot in her mouth. She didn't know the man across the dinner table had a brother at home in a wheelchair.
这句话翻成中文就是：“沙莉吃晚饭时说了一个笑话，拿一个只有一条腿的水手开玩笑。她可不知道坐在饭桌对面那个人的哥哥就是个残废，行动都得靠轮椅。”Sally如果事后了解情况的话,她肯定会说: "Well, I certainly have put my foot in my mouth."
下面我们再来举一个例子:
例句-4: I certainly put my foot in my mouth at the party last night when I asked Mister Brown to say hello to his wife for me. Somehow I'd forgotten that his wife died six months ago.
例句-1: Peter told his wife that this time he was really going to walk in and demand a pay raise from the boss. But when he arrived at the office, he got cold feet.
例句-2: I really need to get my teeth fixed, but every time I start to phone the dentist, I think about the sound of that drill and right away I get cold feet.
事到临头打退堂鼓，出现cold feet的现象也许是一个弱点，但是在美国成语里，把脚弄湿倒是一件好事。比如说，好些听众都在学英语。这是一种外语，许多初学的人都怕难为情不敢用英语来对话。可是，老师很可能就会劝这些学生: "Jump in and get your feet wet. " Jump in and get your feet wet这个俗语的意思是：到实践中去学，也可以说是跳到游泳池里学游泳。我们来举一个老师对学生说的话：
例句-3: I know most of you are afraid to embarrass yourselves by trying to speak English after these first few lessons. But that's the best way to learn: when you meet an American, try a few words -- jump in and get your feet wet.
到实践中去学对于任何事来说都是很重要的。下面说话的人就认识到例句 jump in and get your feet wet 的重要性：
例句-4:I want to get into politics so I'm volunteering to put up signs for one of the people running for mayor. I don't get paid for it but it's a chance to jump in and get my feet wet.
美国的成语和俗语就可以反应出人们很讨厌那些生活在我们周围的小虫子。今天我们来向大家解释两个成语，都是和小虫子有关的。我们要讲的第一个俗语是 ants in your pants。 Ants就是蚂蚁，pants 就是裤子。蚂蚁钻进了裤子，你可以想象是个什么滋味了。你肯定坐不住了。 Ants in your pants这个俗语的意思就是一个人很紧张，坐立不安。我们来举个例子吧：
例句-1: The company financial report isn't due until next Friday. But the boss has ants in his pants and wants us to have it all ready for him on Tuesday morning.
例句-2: Say, what happened to the order for table seven? The guy's been waiting for a half hour and he's really getting ants in his pants for the cheeseburger and fries he ordered.
有一些美国成语和俗语和昆虫有关系。由于人们一般都很讨厌那些小虫子，所以和这些小虫子的名字有关的俗语大多数是贬意的。例如 ants in your pants，这是指坐立不安或不耐烦。另外还有 to have butterflies in one's stomach，肚子里有蝴蝶飞舞，这是心里紧张的意思。
在口语里，人们往往把昆虫叫做“小虫子”，也就是美国人说的 "bug" 这个字。 Bug 这个字可以指小虫子。但是，它也可以当动词用。在当动词用的时候， bug 这个字的意思在不同情况下就不一样，它可以解释为：令人烦恼，就像你周围有许多苍蝇或蚊子时让你心烦一样。 Bug 这个字也可以指窃听别人的电话或讲话。要是一个人说: "That loud music next door really bugs me." 他的意思就是：“隔壁人家把音乐放那么响，真烦人。”我们来举一个例子吧：
例句-1: "You know what bugs me? Somebody coming a half hour early when you invite them to dinner. Very rude of them, I think. I tell you -- it really bugs me!"
例句-2: "Our car is ten years old so my kids keep bugging me to buy a new one, but the old one still runs fine and I don't want to put the money out right now to replace it."
例句-3: "The lousy rain has certainly loused up my plans to take my girl friend to the beach today."
这个人很遗憾地说：“这讨厌的雨真是打乱了我的计划。我今天本来准备和我女朋友一起去海边玩的。”
一个人要是 loused up 和女朋友的约会恐怕还不要紧，可是他要是 loused up 重要事情的话，那就很麻烦了。下面就是一个例子：
例句-4: "I loused up my chance to get that job at the radio station by showing up at the employment interview two hours late. But could I help it if my car had a flat tire on my way to the meeting?"
美国的商品推销员在不很久以前还是挨家挨户地去推销商品，例如吸尘机、厨房用品、百科全书和圣经等。当一位家庭主妇听到敲门声，把门打开的时候，精明能干的推销员就会把一只脚先伸到门里边，这样可以避免在他还没有机会介绍他的商品之前女主人就把门关上了。这种挨家挨户访问的推销员现在几乎已经消声匿迹了，大多数推销员现在都靠电话来招揽生意。可是，把一只脚先伸到门里边这个说法却成了一个人们经常用的俗语了，在英文里就是：to get a foot in the door。 To get a foot in the door的意思就是：为了达到一个目的迈出了第一步，尽管你可能离达到目的的距离还很远。下面这个例子是一个学生说的话：
例句-1: You know that beautiful girl who sits ahead of me in English class? She keeps turning me down for dates, but I finally got a foot in the door today: she met me for coffee after class.
例句-2: Getting into politics is tough. But Martin got his foot in the door when he volunteered to go around town putting up posters for the Republican candidate for Congress.
一整天在电线干上贴标语或招贴画确实是很累的。马丁回到家的时候可能会感到两只脚累得连站都站不动了。这也有一个俗语来形容这种情景的： to be dead on one's feet。美国虽然是最先进的国家之一，但仍然有好多职业需要工作人员站着做的。售货员就是其中之一。站了一天，到了下班的时候，他们必然会感到两只脚很累。下面就是一个售货员在对他的太太讲话：
例句-3: Honey, I've got to sit down and rest before I take you out to dinner. I'm really dead on my feet tonight: we had the big year-end sale on and I was so busy I didn't even have time for lunch.
例句-4: My parents took me to Constitution Avenue to see the parade. After standing there for a whole day, my mom was so dead on her feet that she could not even cook dinner for us by the time we got home.
今天我们要给大家再介绍两个由 foot 或者 feet 这个字组成的俗语。第一个是：to stand on one's own two feet。 To stand on one's own two feet 的意思恐怕不难猜到。一个人如果能站稳脚跟的话，他就一定能独立自主，靠自己的力量来办事。我们下面要举的一个例子是一位父亲担心他的儿子吸毒或酗酒，所以在劝告他的儿子：
例句-1: Son, somebody may try to get you to smoke marijuana or drink, just to fit in with the crowd. But I hope you can stand on your own two feet and say no.
例句-2: Bill Brown has managed to stay in Congress now for twenty years. The voters don't always agree with him but they really like the way he stands on his own feet and makes his own decisions on which way to vote, regardless of pressures from all the lobbyists.
今天我们要讲的第二个习惯用语是： to throw oneself at someone's feet。 To throw oneself at someone's feet 这个俗语可以解释为：公开对某人表示爱慕。比如说，一个男子在幻想自己未来的婚事，他对他的朋友说：
例句-3: I'm still looking for the right girl to marry. And when I find her, I'll throw myself at her feet and ask her to spend the rest of her life with me.
今天我们再来讲两个和 foot 或 feet 有关的俗语。我们曾经讲过： to stand on one's own two feet，这是独立自主，依靠自己的意思。我们还讲过： to throw oneself at someone's feet，这是公开表示对某人的爱慕之情，或是拍马奉承、百般讨好某人。可是，被爱慕或讨好的对象往往会突然感到非常兴奋而不由自主地变得飘飘然起来。这种情景在英文里是这么说的： to be swept off one's feet。下面我们要举的一个例子就可以看出一个人在 throwing himself at someone's feet 以后所可能产生的后果：
例句-1: "Dick was so crazy about Jane that he threw himself at her feet. Jane was swept off her feet and they're getting married next Tuesday."
这种闪电式的结婚确实有点过于匆忙。下面一个例子就是一个人在劝他的朋友不要草率从事。这也说明 to be swept off one's feet 这个俗语不一定完全适用于被爱慕的人，也可以用在其他场合：
例句-2: "Hal, I know how anxious you are to get married and start a family. But don't let yourself get swept off your feet by a pretty face: think about what you are doing before you get caught."
像结婚这样的事确实应该慎重考虑，不能操之过急。但是有的时候，我们处理事情也不能拖拖拉拉，浪费时间。这在英文里就是： Don't let the grass grow under one's feet。 Grass 是指草。 Don't let the grass grow under one's feet 从字面上来解释，这句话的意思是：不要让草在你脚底下长出来，实际上也就是说，你不要什么事也不干，浪费时间。我们来举一个例子吧：
例句-3: "Right now the house is a real bargain. Don't let the grass grow under your feet -- sign the agreement today before somebody grabs it."
Don't let the grass grow under your feet 是推销产品的人经常说的话。下面的例子是一个汽车商在对顾客说话：
例句-4: "I tell you, don't let the grass grow under you feet -- this is the last day of this sale and the price on this model goes up a thousand dollars tomorrow!"
上面我们给大家介绍了两个和 foot 或者 feet 这个字有关的习惯用语。第一个是： to be swept off one's feet，这是指一个人由于一件使他兴奋的事而感到不由自主。今天我们讲的另一个习惯用语是： Don't let the grass grow under one's feet，这是劝人不要停止不前，浪费时间。
第一个是：to pull no punches。 To pull no punches，这是指毫不保留地告诉别人你的看法。Punch 这个字的一种解释就是拳击。 To pull no punches 这个俗语使人脑子里顿时出现一个拳击场里两个拳击手扭成一团，互相攻打对方，而对方设法回避的形像。但是 to pull no punches 这个俗语并不是用在拳击方面的。下面的例子说明在日常生活中怎么用这个俗语：
例句-1: When I saw my brother Joe, I didn't pull any punches -- I told him to stop drinking and go out and find a job.
例句-2: I pulled no punches when I went to see the auto dealer who sold me such a lousy car. I told him he ought to be ashamed to charge so much for a car that had so many things wrong with it. No, he didn't give me my money back, but I sure felt better afterwards.
今天我们要讲的另外一个俗语是：straight from the horse's mouth。 Straight from the horse's mouth，从字面上来解释它的意思是：直接来自马的嘴巴。可是，这个俗语的真正意思是：你听到的消息是真实的，因为这消息来自可靠的来源。马和消息可靠又有什么关系呢？你要知道，远在人们还没有使用汽车的年代，人们是依靠马作为他们主要的交通工具，认为马是十分可靠的。现在，汽车已经早就代替了马，但是这个俗语仍然被广为使用。现在我们再来举个例子：
例句-3: I tell you I know for certain that Lisa will be promoted to manager. The boss told me himself, so it's straight from the horse's mouth!
这个人说：“告诉你，我知道莉沙肯定会被提升为经理的。这是老板亲口告诉我的，这个消息是绝对可靠的！”
我们再来举个例子：
例句-4: Say, did you hear that Sally and Bob are going to get married. Honest, I'm not joking. I heard it from Bob himself, so it's straight from the horse's mouth!
例句-2: That TV debate between those two guys running for senator was sure a no holds barred affair. They spent more time saying nasty things about each other than they did talking about their plans.
下面我们要介绍的一个习惯用语是：to let one's hair down。 To let one's hair down描绘出一幅可爱的画面。过去，西方女子很多都留长头发，出去应酬时把头发盘在头上梳出各种式样来。晚上回家后，她们就把发卡一个个地从头发里拿出来，让头发很自然地披在肩上。 To let one's hair down的实质意思也就是解除表面的装饰，使一切显得很自然、真实和放松。 To let one's hair down不一定用于女子，也可以用在男性。下面的例子就可以说明问题：
例句-3: The president has to make so many official appearances that he seldom gets a chance to let his hair down and enjoy life like ordinary people.
这句话是说：“总统要出席许多公开场合，因此他很少有机会像普通老百姓那样轻松地享受生活。”
To let one's hair down 也可以用在朋友之间，就像下面这个例子一样：
例句-4: Sally, we've been good friends for a long time. But lately I get the idea you are very much upset with me. I wish you'd let your hair down and tell me what's wrong to make you feel this way.
例句-1: I know this guy is a smart political worker. But he's hard to control. In fact, he's a loose cannon who might do more damage to our side than the man I'm running against.
例句-2: A story from Hollywood said that the new James Bond film is the blockbuster film of the season.
这是说：“好莱坞的一篇文章说，詹姆斯.邦德新拍的那个电影是这一季度最成功的片子。”
你可能很熟悉下面这个例子中提到的那个电影：
例句-3: The biggest Hollywood blockbuster of all time still remains "Gone With the Wind", the classic picture about the civil war. And the amazing thing is it was made back in 1939.
例句-2: This young producer made money on his first three films, so the studio invested forty million in his fourth film. But it turned out to be a real bomb -- it didn't make enough to get back the investment.
下面我们要给大家介绍的一个俗语也和 bomb 有关，但是它的意思和 bomb 又很不相同。这个习惯用语就是：to drop a bombshell。 To drop a bombshell 的意思是：宣布令人震惊的消息，就像一枚炸弹在你身旁突然爆炸一样让你吃惊。下面这个祖父宣布的消息确实会让人感到很惊讶：
例句-3: Grandfather dropped a bombshell last night when he told the family he is marrying a woman 40 years younger than he is.
例句-4: In March 1968 President Lyndon Johnson dropped one of the biggest bombshells ever dropped in American politics when he announced that he would not run for re-election because of the Vietnam War.
例句-1: My friend Joe is certainly an oddball. In the summer he puts his shoes in the refrigerator at night so his feet will be cool when he goes to work in the morning.
例句-4: One good thing I got done at the office today was clean up my desk. I'd let so many odds and ends pile up that you could scarcely see the desk itself. But I got busy and took care of everything.
下面我们来谈谈和水果有关习惯用语。英文里“水果”这个字，也就是fruit,是来自很早以前的一个拉丁文里的动词。意思是“享受”。而事实上也确实如此，香蕉、苹果、橘子、樱桃、桃子或葡萄等水果放在果盘里看起来都十分吸引人。因此、有关水果的俗语往往是具有一种肯定和完善的含义，例如：peaches and cream。
大家知道peaches就是桃子， cream是指奶油。 Peaches and cream的意思是：一切都很美好。有人可能会问：桃子和奶油有什么关系呢？这是因为美国人在吃水果时往往喜欢把水果切成块，然后加一点奶油一起吃。实际上，美国人吃很多东西都喜欢和奶油一起吃。所以，peaches and cream就意味着完美无缺。请听下面这个例子：
例句-1: Sally and Joe had a big fight last week, but they've made up and now everything is peaches and cream again.
这句话的意思是：“沙莉和乔伊上星期大吵了一场。可是，后来他们互相谈开了，现在他们又很要好了。”
Peaches and cream还可以形容一个年轻少女容光焕发的面孔：
例句-2: Peter's sister is a lovely girl. She has a real peaches and cream complexion, soft and white as milk and a touch of pink like a fresh ripe peach.
例句-3: Bill was sure he'd be elected class president. But when Mary beat him in the voting, he told us he was glad he didn't get the job because it was too much work. That's nothing but sour grapes！
例句-4: Talk about a clear case of sour grapes! When Bob's girl friend left him to marry another man, he went around telling anybody who would listen that he left her because she wasn't good enough for him.
例句-1: Mr. Lee paid $15,000 for his new car. But he got a real lemon: it's never run right and it spends more time in the garage getting fixed than it does on the road.
例句-2: Mister Green usually gives me good advice. But the computer company stock he told me to buy was a lemon. I had to sell it at the price I paid for it.
例句-3: Mary spends all her time listening to loud music, talking on the phone, or looking at herself in the mirror instead of studying or helping us around the house. I tell you, that kid is driving us all bananas!
例句-4: I'm going bananas over the noise in the apartment next door. They play their television loud enough for the whole building to hear. And they never turn it off until one o'clock in the morning!
人们坐在一起闲聊，天南地北，说长道短的，传播流言菲语，这是很普遍的一种活动。美国有好多成语和俗语是形容这一方面的。例如to shoot the breeze。To shoot就是发射、开枪、发炮等，breeze就是阵阵微风。To shoot the breeze这个习惯用语使人脑子里出现了一幅画面，也就是：一些好朋友没事聚在一起闲聊天，毫无顾忌地想说什么就说什么。下面我们来听听一个大学生说他昨晚在干什么：
例句-1: On Friday nights I usually go to a movie. But it was raining so hard last night I just stayed in the dorm to sit around and shoot the breeze with a couple of friends.
下面这个人说出了为什么他喜欢shooting the breeze。他的话恐怕也说出了一般人心里的想法：
例句-2: One thing I enjoy about shooting the breeze -- you can relax and say anything you want to. You're among friends and nobody takes things seriously.
这个人说：“我很喜欢聊天，因为你可以很放松，想说什么都行。你是和朋友在一起，没有人会很认真的。”
******
要是你问一个人，你说的那个消息是从那儿听来的，他可能会说：through the grapevine。Grape是葡萄，grapevine就是葡萄藤。Through the grapevine的意思实际上就和中文里说的：通过小道消息来的一样。也就是说，这个消息是经过人们口头传播传到他这儿来的，他也不知道到底是从谁那儿开始的。
例句-3: What do you think of the news that our regiment is being transferred to California. It's not announced officially yet, but this morning I got it through the grapevine.
例句-4: I don't always believe what I get through the grapevine, but it's true at least half the time and and it's a lot faster than whatever the army tells you about what we're doing.
在今天的节目里，我们要给大家介绍几个和鱼有关的习惯用语。中国人常常用「如鱼得水」来形容一个一切都很顺当的环境。美国人常用的一个俗语却刚好和「如鱼得水」相反，他们说：a fish out of water。从字面上解释就是：没有水的鱼。你肯定经历过一种场合，当时你觉得很不自然，和周围的人或环境格格不入。A fish out of water作为一个俗语，就是指这种感觉的。它的意思是某人和他所处的环境不融恰，使他感到很别扭、很难堪。
比如说，我的一个朋友最近从一个国际会议回来后他对我说：
例句-1: At the conference I was a fish out of water. All the speeches were in French, a language I never studied.
他说：“参加那个会议真叫我感到别扭。所有人发表讲话的时候都用法语，可是我从来也没有学过法文。”
每个人都会有感到别扭的时候，下面这个人碰到的场合又是一个例子：
例句-2: Everybody else at the party ended up in the swimming pool. But I was a fish out of water because I can't swim.
这人说：“参加聚会的每个人最后都到游泳池去游泳了，我真感到别扭，因为我不会游泳。”
******
要是谁想教鱼怎么游泳的话，那简直是班门弄斧，多余的了。下面我们要讲解的一个习惯用语就是这个意思：to teach a fish how to swim。To teach a fish how to swim作为俗语的意思是指班门弄斧：给别人提出完全没有必要的建议或劝告。你听了下面这位父亲的讲话就会知道他的儿子有多可笑了：
例句-3: My son, fresh out of college， keeps telling me how to run my business. But I've been making good money for 30 years so he's teaching a fish how to swim.
例句-4: The day after I got my private pilot's license, I told this man at the party all about how to fly an airplane. Later I learned he was an airline pilot who flew jumbo jets -- I'd been teaching a fish how to swim.
有些人在处理问题的时候很果断，但是也有不少人前怕狼后怕虎，在处理问题的时候左顾右盼，迟迟不能做出决策。比如说，几个朋友一块儿去钓鱼。可是，其中一个人心不在焉，根本没有好好钓鱼。这时，他的朋友就会对他说：“Fish or cut bait。” Fish or cut bait在这个情况下的意思就是：“得了，你要不想钓鱼就乾脆去干别的。”
Fish or cut bait从字面上来解释就是：你要就钓鱼，否则就切断你的鱼饵。换句话说，也就是你要不做这个，那就做那个，总得有所决定。Fish or cut bait作为俗语的意思就是：不要举棋不定，而要当机立断。
比如说，有一个孩子刚从中学毕业，可是他什么也不想干，天天在家游荡。他的父亲就对他说：
例句-1: Son, either go on to college or go out and find yourself a job. It's time to fish or cut bait!
他说：“儿子呀，你要就去上大学，否则就出去给自己找个工作。是作出决定的时候啦！”
下面的例子是一个经营汽车的人在对一位顾客说话：
例句-2: Mister Wilson, you asked me to hold that red convertible until you made up your mind whether to buy it. Well, I've got another customer who wants it, so it's time for you to fish or cut bait.
例句-4: I'm not going to vote for that man for senator -- he's too much of a cold fish. I shook hands with him once and it was like shaking hands with a dead mackerel.
今天我们讲了两个和fish，也就是鱼有关的习惯用语。第一个是fish or cut bait。Fish or cut bait的意思就是：作出决定，不是干这个，就是去干那个。我们今天给大家介绍的第二个习惯用语是cold fish。Cold fish就是指那些对人很冷淡，性情怪僻，很不合群的人。作者: chubbycat 时间: 30-6-2008 22:06
「美国习惯用语」第六十一讲
to feast your eyes on
to hit between the eyes
世界各国的诗人写了好多诗来描写人的眼睛，有的把眼睛称为“灵魂的窗户”，还有的说，人们通过眼睛所表达的语言在世界各处都是共同的。今天我们就来给大家介绍几个和眼睛有关的习惯用语。中文里有“饱尝眼福”的说法。美国英语里也有类似的习惯用语。其中之一就是to feast your eyes on。Feast的意思是：宴请，举行盛大的筵席，或使人得到享受等。宴请你的眼睛，使你的眼睛得到享受，实际上也就是“饱尝眼福”的意思。To feast your eyes on这个说法可以应用到各个方面，比如说看到美貌的女子，欣赏自然风光，观赏艺术作品等。举个例子来说，一个到华盛顿来访问的人也许会说：
例句-1: The place I enjoyed most was the National Gallery of Art. I spent a whole afternoon there feasting my eyes on all their modern paintings.
例句-2: I'm on diet trying to lose ten pounds, so I stopped to feast my eyes on the cakes in the bakery window, but resisted the temptation to go in and buy one to eat.
例句-2: I hadn't seen my niece since she was a child, so when she visited town the other day my eyes popped out -- she's grown into a very beautiful young woman.
例句-4: Bill lost five thousand dollars on this one poker hand, but he didn't even bat an eye--he just shrugged and said, 'Easy come, easy go. Come on and deal the next hand!'
今天我们讲几个习惯用语都是和眼睛，eyes有关的。首先我们讲了feast your eyes on和hit between the eyes(见61课)。我们还讲了eyes pop out。Eyes pop out是指当一个人在感到很惊奇的时候，眼睛睁的大大的。我们今天讲的另一个和eyes有关的俗语是not even bat an eye。Not even bat an eye是眼睛都不眨一下的意思。作者: chubbycat 时间: 30-6-2008 22:07
「美国习惯用语」第六十三讲
to keep one's eyes peeled
to have the wool over one's eyes
美国人似乎有不少用眼睛这个字，也就是英文里的eyes这个字组成的成语和俗语。我们曾经在前面的课文中给大家介绍过eyes pop out，这是指某个人在感到十分惊奇的时候，眼睛睁得大大的，似乎连眼珠子都快掉出来了。但是，眼睛睁大的时候并不完全是出于惊奇。
比如说，当你在交通十分拥挤的情况下开车的时候，你一定会很紧张。这时，你的眼睛就会张得大大的，注意地看周围是否有危险的情况。美国人有一个常用的俗语用来形容这种情景的: to keep one's eyes peeled. To keep one's eyes peeled实际上就是提高警觉的意思。住在华盛顿的人经常会说：
例句-1: "The beltway is very dangerous to drive on, especially during the rush hour. So be sure to keep your eyes peeled when you change lanes to pass one of those big trucks they call eighteen wheelers."
例句-2: "Joe, I'm going to have to drill this lock out of the door for us to get in. The drill will make some noise, so keep your eyes peeled for the cops."
要是你老是很警觉的话，也就是说要是你老是keep your eyes peeled，你就可能会避免受人蒙蔽。美国人经常说: to have the wool pulled over one's eyes。
To have the wool pulled over one's eyes，这个习惯用语的意思就是：蒙蔽某人。美国是一个自由贸易的国家，但是在做生意的过程中受骗也是经常发生的。下面有关一位黄先生的例子就能说明问题：
例句-3: "Poor Mr. Brown--his partner certainly pulled the wool over his eyes. He had no idea the partner was stealing all the profits until the man suddenly left town."
To pull the wool over one's eyes这个俗语也可以用在其他方面，下面就是一个例子：
例句-4: "I won't vote for that politician again. I've seen him pull the wool over the eyes of the voters with lots of promises, but he never carries them out once he gets into office."
我们再给大家介绍一个又eye组成的俗语：To keep one's eye on the ball。To keep one's eye on the ball这个常用语原先是来自球类运动,如网球、高尔夫球、垒球等。你一定要把眼睛看准了才能打到这些球。下面这个垒球运动员说的话就能说明问题：
例句-1: We were playing Chicago there and the crowd was yelling and booing and waving handkerchiefs to distract us. But I kept my eye on the ball, swung as hard as I could and hit a home run. That Chicago crowd sure quieted down as I jogged around the bases.
例句-2: Tom, your sales record is way down the past six months. You've only sold 17 cars all this time. You'd better start keeping your eye on the ball, or you'll find yourself looking for another job.
例句-3: Of course, John and I have had a few problems, just like most married couples. But I always felt we had a good, solid marriage. So it was a terrible eye-opener when I opened the letter he'd left on the kitchen table and found out he'd run off with his old college sweetheart.
例句-4: Seeing those color films the astronauts took off the earth on their flight to the moon was certainly an eye-opener. I never realized how beautiful and how lonely our planet looks hanging there in space.
例句-1: I was lucky when I went to the flea market today. In the middle of all the worthless junk I found a carved jade Chinese snuff bottle and bought it for five dollars: the seller didn't know what it was.
例句-2: For me a flea market is a sad place--all those memories of the past: stuff that used to be precious to people who have died or grown old or just moved away.
例句-3: Hey, clam up, will you! I've heard enough already about how hard you work in the office!
这个人说：“咳，你别说了，行不行！我已经听够了你在办公室工作多卖力的话了。”
下面这个例子的情况可完全不同了。这是要这个人说话，可是他偏不说：
例句-4: The cops found a man they know was a witness to the murder. But he has clammed up and won't talk--he's afraid the killer's mob will come after him if he testifies in court.
例句-1: Honey, the old man told me what a great job I'm doing and how I am so valuable to the company. But he said the company isn't making enough money right now to give anybody a raise, he thinks he may be able to do something about it a year from now. But I'm afraid all he gave me was a lot of baloney.
例句-2: Baloney! That's all it is when my opponent keeps saying that my voting record always favors big business over the average citizen. Let me say it again: that's nothing but baloney!
例句-3: John Doe, the former head of the City Public Works Department, went on trial today in the district court. He is charged with taking a 50,000-dollar kickback from the Blank Construction Company after giving them a 3 million dollars contract to repair the city streets.
例句-4: We thought our congressman was a sure bet to be re-elected. But he's in real trouble--his opponent charges him with getting kickbacks for voting a certain way and seems to have some evidence to prove it.
美国多年来有一首流行歌曲，它的名字叫“I get a kick out of You.” Kick就是用脚踢的意思，不管是人的脚，或是马的脚，被踢的人一般来说是会感到很痛的。但是，这首歌的名字“I Get A Kick Out of You”却毫无痛苦之意，相反的，它的意思是：由于你的爱情使我感到快乐和激动。下面这个例子里的年轻人发现自己对过去半年里有时一起出去玩的那个女孩产生了爱慕之心。他对这位姑娘说：
例句-1 : Say, Barby, let me tell you something. I really get a kick out of being around you. If you feel the same way about me, maybe we ought to get serious and think about getting engaged to each other.
To get a kick out of这个俗语并不完全和爱情联系在一起。它可以用于任何一个使你高兴的人，或任何一样令你喜爱和激动的东西。例如：一个成年人在说他自己的爱好：
例句-2: I'm not a kid anymore but I still get a big kick out of going to see a circus. The elephants, the clowns, the acrobats--they make me feel like a kid again.
下面我们还要讲一个由kick这个字组成的俗语，那就是：to kick the bucket。尽管这个俗语也同样有kick这个字，但是它的意思却全然不同。To kick the bucket，它的意思是：一个人死了。特别要指出的是，to kick the bucket这个用法一般是对死者不太尊重的，所以在有礼貌的谈话中不太使用这一俗语。我们来举个例子吧：有一个人骑了马到一个农场去找他以前的老朋友 Charley，到了那儿，农场的一个人对他说：
例句-3: Your old friend Charley's not working here any more. In fact we heard he kicked the bucket down in Texas last winter; he got kicked in the head by a horse he was trying to saddle up.
例句-4: That old dog next door finally kicked the bucket. He was sixteen years old, toothless, blind and could hardly get around. Sixteen years is a long time for a dog, so it was time for him to go.
人们大概都看到过一匹年轻的俊马在宽阔的草原上兴高彩烈地奔跑的情景吧！这是一幅很美丽的图象。马的前腿往前伸展，后腿很有节奏地往上踢。美国有一个俗语就是建筑在这一形像之上的。这个俗语就是：to kick up one's heels。To kick up one's heels，从字面上来解释就是：把后脚往上踢。但是，实际上to kick up one's heels是用来形容人们到外面去寻欢作乐，就像马在草原上奔跑一样。比如说，有两个人在办公室里说话：
例句-1: How about coming out with us Wednesday night? We're all going to take Bill Glover out to dinner. Then later we'll drop into a few night spots. It's Bill's last chance to kick up his heels, you know--he's getting married the next morning.
To kick up one's heels并不一定是年轻人的事，上了年纪的人有时也想到外面去轻松轻松。下面的例子就很能说明问题：
例句-2: My mother and dad are over sixty, but they still like to go out once in a while to have dinner and do a little dancing and kick up their heels. Of course, they go home a lot earlier than they used to.
例句-3: Last night Michael Smith kicked off his campaign for the U.S. Senate with a speech here promising lower taxes and a bigger budget for schools and more help to the farmers.
例句-4: Now that my exams are all finished, I'm going to kick off the summer vacation by going down to Ocean City for a week to get some sun, some surf and a chance to look at the girls.
今天我们要给大家介绍两个和“帽子”，也就是英文里的“hat”这个字有关的习惯用语。二次世界大战以前，美国人一年四季都戴帽子。可是，那些和“hat”这个字有关的俗语却仍然常常出现在人们的讲话中。今天我们首先给大家介绍下面这个俗语：at the drop of a hat。At the drop of a hat的意思是：一有信号可以马上行动。它往往用来形容那些脾气很暴燥的人，例如像下面这个例子中的人：
例句-1: Tom Atkins is usually a good-hearted, friendly guy. But he has one problem--a hot temper. Say something he doesn't agree with, and he'll start a loud argument at the drop of a hat.
At the drop of a hat这个习惯用语不一定要用于争辩或打架的场合。它也可以解释为：在有必要的时候，某人可以立即行动，就像下面这个例子所说的那样：
例句-2: I have a job that involves a lot of travel on short notice. I always keep one bag packed so I'm ready to go at the drop of a hat when I get a call from the boss asking me to catch the next plane to Chicago.
今天我们要讲的第二个俗语是：to talk through one's hat。To talk through one's hat这个俗语的意思就是：说话的人自己根本不懂，所以他的话实际上是胡说八道。这个俗语是出自两百年前的一次总统竞选。在1888年，纽约的一家报纸登了一幅漫画，讽刺当时正在竞选总统的本杰明·哈里森。哈里森经常戴一顶很高的帽子，所以漫画家把他的帽子画得很大，连他的脸都给遮住了。漫画下面的注解说，当哈里森发表竞选演说的时候，他是通过他的帽子向听众说话的，也就是他是在胡说八道。尽管如此，哈里森还是在那次竞选中当选为美国总统。下面我们就to talk through one's hat来举一个例子：
例句-3: Anybody who says we can balance the budget without raising taxes is just talking through his hat.
这是说：“谁要是说我们能够在不提高税收的情况下使预算平衡的话，那真是胡说八道。”
我们再来举个例子吧：
例句-4: Hey, don't listen to that guy. He's talking through his hat when he tells people that two-headed men from Mars have landed a spaceship near Washington and the government is keeping it secret.
我们给大家介绍了两个和“hat”这个字有关的俗语。第一个是：at the drop of a hat。这个俗语的意思是，一有信号马上就可以行动。有时它可以指脾气很暴燥的人一触即发，但也可以用于一般情况下。今天我们讲的第二个俗语是：to talk through one's hat。To talk through one's hat是指说话的人对主题根本不懂，是在胡说八道。作者: chubbycat 时间: 30-6-2008 22:10
「美国习惯用语」第七十讲
hang on to your hat
to keep something under your hat
要是你头上根本没有戴帽子，而有人对你说：Hang on to your hat. hang on就是抓住的意思，所以Hang on to your hat从字面上解释就是：抓住你的帽子。那么，你既没有戴帽子，为什么人家要叫你：抓住你的帽子呢？Hang on to your hat这个俗语的真实意思就是：有特别惊人的消息，你要准备好，不要因为过于惊奇而让帽子都从头上掉了下来。下面这个例子是一个女子在对她的朋友说话：
例句-1: Hang on to your hat--you won't believe this but last night Bill asked me to marry him!
例句-2: Hi, honey, I have something to tell you! Now hang on to your hat--the boss says he wants me to take charge of the new office in Honolulu. How about that for a nice surprise!
帽子是一个藏东西的好地方，不管是把一封信放在帽子底下不让别人看到，还是戴上一顶帽子把自己的秃顶遮起来。下面我们要讲的一个俗语就是这个意思：to keep something under your hat。To keep something under your hat的意思就是：我要告诉你一个秘密，但是千万不要告诉任何人。例如，下面这个女子正在告诉她的朋友有关另一个朋友的秘密，她说：
例句-3: Mary told me her husband is seeing another woman and she's thinking about leaving him but please keep it under your hat.
她说：“玛丽告诉我她的丈夫有在外面乱搞。玛丽正在考虑跟她丈夫分手。不过，请你千万不要对别人说。”
世界上好像要保密的事很多。下面又是一个例子：
例句-4: Can you keep a secret? The boss's secretary just told me he's leaving for another job. She told me not to tell anybody else, so keep it under your hat.
例句-2: One thing I do know something about--playing the stock market. And I'll eat my hat if it doesn't go up another three hundred points by the end of the year.
例句-3: Ever since grandmother died, grandfather has been eating his heart out--he's lost all interest in life and won't even get out of bed to eat.
这个人说：“自从祖母去世后，祖父非常伤心，他对生活失去了一切兴趣，都不愿意起床吃饭。”
To eat one's heart out还可以用在另一种场合，也就是半开玩笑地让别人对你产生妒忌。你听了下面这个例子就会明白它的意思了。这是一个大学生在对他的要好朋友说话：
例句-4: Hey, Pete, you know that girl in the physics class you like so much, the one who won't pay any attention to you? Well, eat your heart out, buddy--I'm taking her out for dinner and a movie Saturday night.
例句-1: Today George Miller actually had the nerve to ask me to go the the Christmas dance with him! Sure, he's getting straight A's in all his classes, but look at those thick classes, and those dull clothes he wears. I'd rather be caught dead than to out with a nerd like him.
例句-2: The big surprise was seeing Bill Green. He was such a nerd 20 years ago--too busy studying instead of having a good time like most of us. But maybe he had the right idea; he owns his own computer company and is worth ten million bucks.
例句-3: You may call me a nerd, but I think it's more important to study hard than to be a jock and play football or basketball. The trouble is, though, the girls all want to go with jocks, the guys with the muscles and team sweaters.
例句-4: My kid sister is only six but it looks like she'll turn out to be a girl jock. Instead of staying in the house, she loves to go outside and play baseball with the boys. And you know something--she's better at it than most of the boys.
例句-1: As far as I know, this guy Roger Bly is honest. And he's had a pretty good voting record in Congress. But he looks like such a wimp: I'm afraid he doesn't have the guts to handle a real crisis when it comes up. So I guess I'll vote for the other guy.
例句-2: I'm afraid my sister married a real wimp. Sure, he makes a good salary and treats her good. But he lets himself get pushed around by everybody--waiters, clerks in stores, the guy who pumps gas--he's afraid to stand up for his rights.
例句-3: I'm worried about this young fellow my daughter is dating. He never finished school, he doesn't have a job, he dresses like a bum--he looks like a real turkey to me.
例句-4: Some private firms and official agencies have what they call a "turkey farm", a part of the organization where their turkeys can be sent to get them out of the way until it's possible to fire them.
在竞选的第一个阶段，那些认为自己有资格当总统的人经过多方考虑后作出决定究竟参不参加这次总统竞选。美国人经常用一个俗语来指决定参加竞选，就是：to throw one's hat in the ring。To throw one's hat in the ring是指某人决定参加竞选。这个说法可能是来自很早以前的一种风俗。那时,有的职业摔交运动员经常到各地去旅行和当地的人才一比高低。如果当地有某个人决定和他比赛的话，那个人就把帽子往场里一扔，表示接受挑战。当然，这类到处旅行，像中国古时候摆擂台的那种方式现在很少见了，可是这个俗语却被普遍用来形容接受挑战，参加竞选。我们来举一个例子吧：
例句-1: A former senator from Massachusetts named Paul Tsongas was the first Democrat to throw his hat in the ring for this year's presidential election.
这句话的意思是：“麻省一位名字叫保尔？聪格斯的前参议员是第一个决定参加今年总统竞选的民主党人。”
在是否参加总统竞选的问题上，纽约州的州长科莫最晚作出决定：
例句-2: People at first thought that the Governor of New York would throw his hat in the ring. But he waited and waited and announced at the last minute that he would not run for president.
例句-3: The governor is running for reelection, and he's looking hard for votes--he'll stump the whole state next month and make speeches in over fifty cities and towns.
例句-4: Usually, candidates fly to different places to make speeches. This year, however, the Democratic candidates Clinton and Gore took a bus to make their stump speeches in order to meet more people at the grassroots level.
例句-1: Every election year Iowa gets lots of national attention because it's the first state to show which candidates it wants. But this year other presidential hopefuls did not spend much time in Iowa because Senator Harkin from Iowa was a favorite son candidate.
例句-2: We have a problem in our six o'clock newscast. We have sound bites of four candidates and we better squeeze in all four. Which means we'll have to cut some other story out of the show.
例句-1: I'm not going to play the blame game and say who's at fault that so many people are out of work. But I have to tell you my opponent did vote against three bills to create new jobs.
例句-3: A listener just called in to ask what I mean by negative campaigning. Well, it means a candidate's main strategy is to tell voters how bad the other guy is instead of talking about how good he is himself.
例句-3: Some political observers say that negative campaigning isn't working this year - that voters want to hear positive ideas about how to create new jobs and give people better health care.
例句-1: The political experts say that the election in the state of Michigan is too close to predict. It's the swing voters who will decide who wins there and we don't know what they are thinking.
为了争取选民，双方候选人往往就采取互相攻击的策略，这就是我们今天要介绍的第二个俗语：to come out swinging。To come out swinging实际上是来自拳击运动的一个俗语。当两个重量级拳击手比赛的时候，只要铃一响，他们就冲到场地的中央，尽力地挥舞双臂，各自企图在对方还没有时间袭击他的时候就给对方致命一击。用在竞选的时候，to come out swinging就成了互相攻击的意思。我们来举个例子吧：
例句-3: After a day off, President Bush and Governor Clinton this morning again launched another hard week of campaigning, and they both came out swinging.
例句-4: They say the big mistake the Democratic candidate made in 1988 was that he failed to come out swinging the day after the convention.
这句话的意思是：他们说民主党1988年总统候选人的错误是他没有在全党代表大会以后马上展开攻击。
******
今天我们给大家介绍了两个美国人在竞选过程中常用的俗语，第一个是：swing voters。Swing voters就是那些还没有决定投谁票的选民。我们给大家讲解的第二个习惯用语是：to come out swinging。To come out swinging的意思是：候选人进行互相攻击。作者: chubbycat 时间: 1-7-2008 22:48
「美国习惯用语」第七十八讲
Don't change horses in the middle of the stream
to jump on the bandwagon
美国的民意测验显示，布什总统落后于民主党候选人克林顿。这使人想起在十九世纪美国内战期间担任总统的林肯。林肯在竞选连任的时候也遇到了重重困难。当时他对选民说: "Don't change horses in the middle of the stream."
Horses就是“马”的意思，in the middle of the stream是指“河流的中间”。"Don't change horses in the middle of the stream"也就是说：不要在过河过到一半的时候换你骑的马。就美国选举来说，这个俗语的意思就是：即便你们对我不满意，但是目前美国问题很多，不是换总统的时候。林肯的这句话很有名，竞选连任的官员经常引用他这句话。我们来举一个例子吧：
例句-1: I may have made a few mistakes in the last four years. But, my friends, let me tell you this--with the economy in bad shape, this is no time to change horses in the middle of the stream.
例句-2: I kind of like this new man because he has some fresh ideas. But I guess I'll vote for the old guy who has the job now. Somehow, I just don't like to change horses in the middle of the stream.
很早以前在收音机和电视还没有出现的时代，竞选官职的人为了吸引公众的注意往往会雇一个乐队，让他们在一辆马车上演奏。马车上贴了许多标语，鼓励人们投某某人的票。这种有乐队的马车就叫bandwagon。要是这个候选人特别受人拥护，那些无足轻重的小政客就会登上那辆马车，让人们知道他们和这位名人关系很好。这就是jump on the bandwagon。
例句-4: Sometimes you can tell who is going to win a big office like President or Governor by watching how many other politicians come running to jump on his bandwagon and get credit for supporting him.
例句-1: On the campaign trail today the Republicans and the Democrats both hurled charges accusing the other side of using sleaze despite promises by Bush and Clinton to stop such tactics.
例句-3: Both the Republicans and the Democrats agree that the big problem with the government in Washington is political gridlock. But they certainly don't agree who is to blame.
例句-4: Our State is just like Washington--we have a Republican Governor and a Democratic legislature. So we usually have gridlock on new programs because one side won't approve what the other side does.
例句-1: The governor of our state ended up as a lame duck when he lost the election. He still has six weeks left in office but there's nothing to do except to pack up his papers.
例句-2: Congressman Blank lost the election. But he has a golden parachute--he's been offered a job as a senior vice president in a big company in his home state of New York.
各种语言都有一套特殊的政治词汇，美国英语也不例外。美国国会议员在通过各项法案时经常要投票表示自己的立场。但是，有些议员在面临有争议的法案时往往感到难以作出决定。美国人把这种情况叫做：on the fence。Fence就是“篱笆”。On-the-fence的意思也就是骑在篱笆上，左右不定。下面就是一例：
例句-1: Sorry, friend: I can't tell you right now how I will vote on the new tax bill. I'm still on the fence: I'm looking for more information before I decide which way I'll jump.
On the fence也可能指那种两面观望,看准了如何行动才对自己有好处的所谓“骑墙派”。下面就是一个典型的例子：
例句-2: That man has managed to stay in office for ten years by being a regular fence-sitter. He never makes up his mind how to vote on an issue until he's sure whether most voters are for or against it.
例句-3: This vote on the foreign trade bill is going to be close, and I sure wish we could be sure of that man's support. But he's such a maverick we can't count on his voting with the party.
例句-4: Congressman Black is a real maverick but the voters keep sending him back to Washington. They admire a man who votes the way he really feels instead of just trying to please the voters all the time.
你有没有因为十分生气而对别人大发雷霆？美国人有一个说法是形容这种情绪的，那就是：to give someone a piece of one's mind。To give someone a piece of one's mind是指对某人大发雷霆。例如，一个人开汽车出门，在路上一个开车不守规则、横冲乱闯的人把他弄得很紧张，差点儿没出事。他回到家还在生气，于是他对家里的人说：
例句-1: This stupid idiot passed me on the left, then cut in ahead of me so close I had to jam on the brakes to keep from hitting him. When I caught up with him at the stoplight, I rolled down my window, and boy, did I give him a piece of my mind.
例句-2: Today I'll give my business manager a piece of my mind. I'm tired of him coming in an hour late every day. I'll tell him to be here on time or look for a job some place else.
例句-3: My brother-in-law borrowed $200 from me six months ago and never paid me back. So when he tried to borrow another $200 last night, I certainly told him off.
例句-4: Can you believe this mechanic charged $800 to fix my car and it runs worse than it did before? Tomorrow I'll go back to tell him off: I'll make his ears burn for a week!
例句-1: See that well-dressed man across the room? That's Mr. Green. When he came to New York 20 years ago, he was only a hick fresh out of the cornfields of Kansas. But he turned out to be a lot smarter than he looked; they say he made ten million dollars last year trading in the stock exchange.
例句-2: My roommate in my freshman year was a real hick. He came from a town so small it didn't have a stop light, a building with an elevator or a movie theater.
例句-3: Yep, I told Susie not to go out with any of them city slickers with their smooth talk and fancy clothes. If she has to go out, look for a farm boy. He may be a hick, but she can trust him a whole lot more.
例句-4: Sure, a city slicker looks smart as long as he stays in a place like New York. But you put him down on a farm and he won't do much better than a newborn baby!
今天我们要给大家介绍两个由throw这个字组成的俗语。第一个是to throw to the wolves。Wolf就是狼，to throw to the wolves的意思就是：牺牲别人来解救自己。这个俗语可能是来自一个俄罗斯的民间故事。这个故事说的是，一对父母带着几个孩子坐着雪橇在雪地里行走，后面有一群狼在追他们。那个做父亲的就把他的孩子一个接着一个地扔给狼吃，这样他自己就可以安全地抵达目的地。我们来举个例子看看这个俗语在实际生活中是怎么用的：
例句-1: The voters have been demanding that the mayor do something about all the corruption at city hall, so he threw a couple of minor officials to the wolves--he accused them of taking bribes to issue building permits and then fired them.
例句-2: Louie, we've got to find some small-time guys to throw to the wolves for murdering that cop. Otherwise, the cops will trace the killing right back to us.
我们下面要给大家介绍的一个俗语是：to throw the baby out with the bath water。To throw the baby out with the bath water从字面上来解释就是：在泼洗澡水的时候连孩子一起泼掉了。这是很难想象的。但是这个俗语真正表达的是：在你扔掉不要的东西时把宝贵的东西都无意地一起扔掉了。我们举个例子吧：
例句-3: Our company thought they'd be smart and save money by stopping the bonuses they had been giving to the salesmen who sold the most cars each month. Well, they saved a little money, but they threw the baby out with the bath water--our best salesmen quit and went to work for our biggest competitor.
例句-4: I'd really like to fire this man tomorrow. But if I fire him, his brother will probably leave with him. His brother is one of our best people, and I don't want to throw the baby out with the bath water.
中国人经常会用“泼冷水”这个词来形容一些影响人们热情的事。那么，美国人是怎么说的呢？他们说：to throw a wet blanket on something。
A wet blanket就是一张湿的毯子。To throw a wet blanket on something就是消除别人的热情或者是破坏别人的享受。那么，这个俗语是从哪儿来的呢？大家可能都注意到，每当发生火灾的时候，人们往往用湿的毯子来灭火。这个俗语还经常被用来形容那些让人感到扫兴的客人，请听下面这个例子：
例句-1: Let's not invite Dick to the dance--he is such a wet blanket with that sour look on his face and his boring talk.
这个人说：我们开舞会可别请迪克，他那愁眉苦脸的样子，还老说那些没有人感兴趣的话，太扫兴了。
下面这个例子是一个人在谈论国家经济动向的问题：
例句-2: Bad news today: the government says that corporate earnings weren't as good as expected the last quarter. That'll throw a wet blanket over plans of investors to get into the stock market.
下面我们要给大家介绍的一个习惯用语是：to throw a monkey wrench。A monkey wrench就是那种用来拧螺丝的活动扳头。要是一个工人在工作的时候不小心把扳头掉到正在运转的机器里去了，那个机器就会停顿。这也正是to throw a monkey wrench的意思，那就是影响、或终止某些本来该发生的事。下面的例子是一个人在对他的朋友诉苦：
例句-3: The family and I planned to leave Monday for a two-week vacation in California. But the boss threw a monkey wrench into our plans today when he told me I have to go to a business meeting in New York next week.
例句-4: A federal judge threw a monkey wrench into the project to build a new oil refinery on the river. He ordered the company to stop work until they had a better plan to guard against water pollution.
我们先给大家介绍：to let the cat out of the bag。从字面上来解释，to let the cat out of the bag它的意思是：让那只猫从口袋里出来。但是，它的实际意思是：在不小心的情况下泻露了秘密。下面这个例子就能说明这个俗语的意思：
例句-1: I bought a nice wrist watch as a surprise for my wife's birthday. But I'm afraid I let the cat out of the bag--I hid it under my socks and she found it when she was putting my clean clothes away.
例句-2: It was supposed to be a secret that we were firing our accountant for stealing money. But one of the secretaries saw the memo and let the cat out of the bag by telling her friends.
下面我们要讲的一个和cat有关的俗语是：look like the cat that ate the canary。Canary就是金丝雀。Look like the cat that ate the canary这个俗语是用来形容一个人显得非常满足，就像一只猫终于实现了它长期来的愿望，把鸟笼打开，把里面那只可怜的金丝雀吃了一样地感到满足。下面的例子说的是两个朋友去赛马，其中的一个重要方面是个老手，可是却输了，而那个新手却赢了。这个老手说：
例句-3: My friend didn't listen to my advice and he bet twenty dollars on the horse. Why, I couldn't believe my eyes! The horse won by a nose and my friend came back with the two thousand bucks he'd just won, looking like the cat that ate the canary.
例句-4: Say, I think Mister Green in Personnel just got that promotion he's been wanting so much. I saw him walk out of the boss's office like the cat that just ate the canary.
每个人对下雨的反应都不同。在发生旱灾的地方，农民天天盼望着下雨。可是，正在野外聚餐的人，下雨使他们感到很扫兴。然而，有的活动不管天气如何都照常进行，这在中文里就是：风雨无阻。美国人的说法是：rain or shine。
Rain or shine简单地说就是：不管下雨或出太阳，一切照常进行。请听下面这个例子：
例句-1: There is one big difference between baseball and football in America. If it's a rainy day, we don't play baseball. But teams play football rain or shine. In fact, I've seen football games played in a snowstorm.
例句-3: Every week when I get my paycheck, I always try to put fifty dollars in my savings account for a rainy day. Who knows--I might lose my job someday or get sick and not be able to work!
例句-4: When you're twenty-five years old, sometimes it's hard to worry about rainy days off in the future. But if you're smart, you'll start saving for rainy days because rainy days come to us all.
例句-1: What sticks most in my mind is all the good buddies I saw killed there. I'll remember their faces as long as I live, because they were like brothers to me.
例句-2: Sally and I don't have any romantic interest in each other. We're just good buddies who come from the same town and enjoy having a cup of coffee and talking about people we both know.
例句-3: I'm really looking forward to the tenth reunion of the class of 1983. For one thing it's a chance to see my old sidekick Billy Bob. We roomed together, played side by side on the football team--well, he was my best buddy back in the good old days.
例句-4: In the old cowboy movies I used to see as a boy, all the heroes had a sidekick. The sidekick was never as smart or handsome or brave as the hero but he was always there to help out in times of danger.
美国人总是说：狗是人的最好的朋友。许多美国人对家里的狗就好像对待家里的人一样好。有钱人还往往会出几千美元去买一只稀有品种的狗，我们今天要讲的一个俗语就和这种现象有密切关系的：to put on the dog。
To put on the dog就是摆排场给别人看。大概一百多年以前，一些有钱的人往往化很多钱去买一只稀有品种的小狗来显示自己很有钱。一些阔太太们经常在接待客人的时候把一只小狗抱在腿上来眩耀自己的阔气。当时耶鲁大学的学生就创造了to put on the dog这一说法来嘲笑那些暴发户。我们来举一个例子吧：
例句-1: Joe Doak is sure putting on the dog since his rich aunt died and left him 10 million dollars. He's bought the biggest house in town and a Mercedes 600, and talks about buying some riding horses.
例句-2: I had this friend in the army who was the son of one of the richest men in the country. But what I like about him was that he never put on the dog to show off his money.
和to put on the dog意思相反的一个俗语是：to go to the dogs。To go to the dogs这个俗语的意思就是：变得很穷，彻底破落。比如说，在十九世纪的时候，美国西部发现金矿的地区出现了一个又一个新的城镇。许多人到那里去淘金，都想发家致富。可是后来怎么样了呢?
例句-3: As soon as the gold was all gone, these towns went to the dogs almost overnight. Everybody moved away, and these places are ghost towns now, with the wind whistling through the empty houses and shops.
例句-4: I always thought my friend Pete had a good future. But then he got hooked on heroin and lost his job and his wife--I never saw a man go to the dogs so fast!
我们首先要讲的一个俗语对每个人来说也是一个很好的忠告：to let sleeping dogs lie。
To let sleeping dogs lie，从字面上来看，这个俗语的意思就是不要去惹正在睡觉的狗，因为睡着了的狗不会咬人。换句话说，也就是：要是采取什么行动会给自己或别人带来麻烦，那么最好还是保持现状，不要采取行动。下面是一个妇女在给她的朋友提出劝告：
例句-1: If I were you, I would not tell Nellie you saw her husband having lunch with another woman. It might have been perfectly innocent, but I'd let sleeping dogs lie.
例句-2: Can you prove that your neighbor stole your lawnmower? If not and you call the cops, he could make real trouble for you. Better to let sleeping dogs lie!
下面我们要给大家介绍的一个俗语是：Every dog has his day。Every dog has his day这个俗语的意思是：每个人总会有实现自己愿望的一天。比如，一个公司职员很想被提升，但是，他的愿望没有实现，而另一个同事却被提升了。回到家里，他的妻子听到这一消息后对他说：
例句-3: Darling, I know how upset you are that you didn't get the promotion. But don't take it too hard--your turn will come. You know what they say--every dog has his day!
例句-4: Okay, so this publisher sent back your manuscript. There are plenty of other publishers. You'll find one who'll buy it--remember, every dog has his day!
美国人在打棒球时经常喜欢发曲线球，使球的方向会发生突变，这样给对方造成错觉，不能回击那个球。这和其他球类运动，如排球、乒乓球或网球，在发球时发转求的作用也很相似。逐渐地，这种让对方产生错觉，因而无法应付的球艺变成了日常用语：to throw a curve。
Curve就是曲线的意思。To throw a curve就是在打棒球时发曲线球。但是作为俗语，它的意思是给别人造成错觉，让他难以应付。请听一个刚刚考完历史的学生在埋怨他的教授：
例句-1: Professor Green certainly threw us a curve today. Half the questions were from parts of the book he told us to read but he never covered them in class. Of course, most of us didn't bother to read the stuff, so we really got caught.
例句-2: My supervisor threw me a curve when he told me he would recommend me for the promotion. He didn't tell me he was also recommending three other people for the same job. So I didn't get it.
今天我们要讲的第二个俗语是：to throw for a loop。Loop是圆圈的意思。To throw for a loop是指“感到非常震惊”或者是“情绪很波动”。下面的例子是一个男朋友使得他的女朋友非常不高兴。这个女孩子说：
例句-3: Bill told me he couldn't take me out last night because he had to study for a big exam. So it threw me for a loop when I saw him walking into the movie theater with that stupid girl who sits next to him in biology class. (Recording defects: no audio for this part)
例句-4: When I saw my semester grade for the chemistry course, it really threw me for a loop! I was sure I'd get at least a "B"--but there it was in black and white: a "D". So I barely managed to pass.
例句-1: The truth is that Pete never liked his rich Uncle John. But you should have seen his crocodile tears when the old man died and left him a million dollars!
例句-2: In his speeches the mayor always puts on a big show of crocodile tears for poor and homeless people. But I don't see him doing anything to help them.
例句-3: Usually I don't give money to beggars. But this nice young man told me a sob story about needing money for a bus ticket to see his dying mother, so I gave him two dollars.
例句-4: On my way to work this man stopped me and said that he hadn't eaten in three days so I gave him a dollar. On my way home I saw him get into a new car and drive off and now I know he had given me a sob story.
To cry in one's beer，的意思是坐在酒吧间里对着啤酒哭，自己可怜自己。比如说，一个人在劝他的朋友：
例句-1: Come on, Joe! Instead of sitting around in a bar all day crying in your beer about not having any money, why not get off your bottom and go out and look for a job!
例句-2: I'm tired of hearing my roommate crying in his beer about how hard it is to get good grades. If he'd stay home and study instead of going out every night, I'm sure he'd do a lot better in his classes.
例句-3: Come on, Jack, you're twenty years old--don't be such a cry baby about everything. We all have our problems, but you ought to do something about them instead of just complaining.
例句-4: Bill, don't be such a cry baby about going to the dentist: all he's going to do is clean your teeth. Look at your little sister--she's not making a fuss about it.
例句-2: I'd have to say the chances are cloudy. We have quite a bit of support for this bill but we're not sure that we have enough votes to get it passed.
不管是美国人，还是中国人，我们每个人恐怕都有做白日梦的时候。有的时候，我们一边走路，一边在想心事，或者是一边做什么事，一边在想其它事情，身边发生什么事全然没有注意到。美国人把这叫做：in the clouds。
In the clouds可以解释为：心不在焉。请听下面这个例子，这是一个人在说她的朋友：
例句-3: Sally is my best friend but she walked right past me today, and didn't even say hello. Her head certainly was in the clouds--she looked like her mind was a thousand miles away.
你们肯定都知道英文里的前置词有时会使人很混乱，它们在句子里虽然不显眼，但是作用却很关键，用错了一个前置词意思可能完全不同。我们先来讲on a cloud这个词。
On a cloud是很高兴的意思，高兴得走路轻飘飘的好像腾云驾雾一样。下面这个大学生就是一个例子：
例句-1: I've been on a cloud all day long - I heard this morning that I got an A on my final biochemistry exam.
这个学生说：我今天一天都很高兴，因为我早上听说，我生物化学期末考试得了一个A。
令人高兴的事是层出不穷的，下面这位太太也是很高兴，至少她的先生是这么说的：
例句-2: My wife has been on a cloud since I told her the other day I would spend my year-end bonus at the office to take us to Hawaii to celebrate our twentieth wedding anniversary. And to tell you the truth, I'm really looking forward to it myself.
我们刚才讲的是on a cloud。下面我们把前置词on换成under，也就是under a cloud。任何人under a cloud是绝对不会高兴的，因为他不是丢尽了面子，就是被怀疑做了什么坏事。下面是一个人在讲另外一个被逮捕的人，这人被指控和贩毒有关：
例句-3: The judge had to let him go because there wasn't enough evidence against him. But he's going around under a cloud because most people think he's guilty.
例句-4: See that man sitting at the table by himself? He's supposed to be a very smart lawyer, but he's been under a cloud ever since he was mixed up in a scandal involving a company that was run by a mobster.
otluck 是每个人都带一样菜的一种聚会。现在你就懂得下面这句话的意思了:
