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标题: 自由一旦失去，便永不再来－－读《动物庄园》 [打印本页]

作者: 欧阳京 时间: 26-8-2021 10:00
标题: 自由一旦失去，便永不再来－－读《动物庄园》
本帖最后由欧阳京于 26-8-2021 14:12 编辑

被时代杂志评为世界百佳小说的《Animal Farm》，中文译名为《动物庄园》，篇幅很短，那天我在路边石凳上一边等人，一边在手机上看完了它的英文版。

与George Orwell的另外一部名篇－－《1984》相比，《动物庄园》总体说来轻松活泼，没有那么恐怖，也没有那么阴沉。故事叙述得也客观冷静，没有《1984》那么多的意识流，因此读起来比较愉快。

现在回忆起来，《动物庄园》让我感触最深的一个场景，不是伟大的革命战士猪Snowball大战庄园主，也不是老谋深算的领袖猪Napoleon主持公审破坏和谐庄园社会的母鸡，更不是为建设美好庄园而任劳任怨的公马Boxer的死去，而是小说最后猪群和人群在酒桌上狂欢的情景。在那里，猪群作为动物庄园的统治阶级，在Napoleon的率领下，和邻近庄园的人类统治者举杯共庆经济、政治和文化合作的协议的圆满达成－－“哪些是猪脸，哪些是人脸，已经无从分辨。”

这种结尾，显然表达了George Orwell的悲观和信心的缺乏。前苏联的解体，东欧社会主义国家的纷纷垮台，在伟大的预言家（寓言家？）George Orwell那里，始终没有任何暗示。《1984》结尾的悲观是人类沉重的心灵，《动物庄园》结尾的悲观则是兽类纷乱的扑腾，而作者的悲观却是同样的――自由一旦失去，就永不再来（Freedom once lost, is lost forever）。

当然，和《动物庄园》的“解放前”情况相比，那时的自由是程度的问题。庄园主人Mr. Jones好酒贪睡，为动物们结社和集会甚至串联都留下了相当的自由空间。从理论上分析，只要私有制存在，“剥削”总是要存在的，如果所有的产出全部供动物们消费，没有丝毫利润可言，整个庄园的破产是毫无疑问的。动物们在辛勤劳作之余，有时间学习和分析阶级剥削的理论，并总结只有出武装夺权实现公有制才是动物阶级得到真正的、彻底的自由的唯一途径这一伟大的革命理论。

显然，在这种理论的支持下，革命成功的动物们终于解放了生产力，庄园建设的步伐超越了历史，成果是可喜的，阶级斗争理论得到了实践的证明。既然一切都已经被证明是政治正确的，那么思考根本没有了意义。只要按照伟大的导师Napoleon指定的方向前进，就是符合多数动物的利益的，对追求效率最高化的庄园而言，自由就是多余的了。如果自由不再需要，平等的问题就显得日益迫切起来，所以动物庄园里就有了这句名言――“所有的动物都是平等的，只是一些动物比别的动物更平等。”

先进的理论一旦形成，主权和稳定问题就显得额外重要。《1984》中，刻在真理部大楼上的大字报“战争就是和平”，就是这种理论不可或缺的部分，其份量与“帝国主义亡我之心不死”相当，其核心价值就是“奴役就是自由”，极权专制对世界文明只剩下嘲讽――思考是可笑的，所有的思考都比不上“历史的选择”。

人类庄园也需要动物庄园的出口产品，从商品交换到价值交换，只有一步之遥。只有永恒的利益，没有永恒的朋友和敌人，猪脸和人脸本来相去不远，所以动物庄园也好，人类庄园也好，结成强大联盟的邪恶将分散而混乱的良知拉下水，然而，对于被利益集团所绑架的动物们来说，这却意味着：自由一旦失去，就永不再来了。

作者: Serin 时间: 26-8-2021 13:26
21世纪如果要对《动物庄园》做一些润色的话，就是可以再给动物们增加点奶头乐。

作者: 欧阳京 时间: 27-8-2021 17:00
英文版：

"Animal Farm", which was rated as one of the world's top 100 novels by Time Magazine, is translated as "Animal Farm" in Chinese. It is very short. I was waiting on a stone bench by the roadside and read the English version of it on my mobile phone that day.

Compared with George Orwell's other famous story-"1984", "Animal Farm" is generally relaxed and lively, not so scary, and not so gloomy. The story is narrated objectively and calmly, without as much stream of consciousness as in "1984", so it is more pleasant to read.

Recalling now, the scene that touched me the most in "Animal Farm" was not the great revolutionary soldier Pig Snowball vs. the owner of the manor, nor the witty leader Pig Napoleon presided over the trial of the hen who destroyed the harmonious manor society, nor was it for the construction of a beautiful manor. And the death of Boxer, the hard-working stallion, is the scene of the pigs and the crowd partying at the wine table at the end of the novel. There, the pig herd, as the ruling class of the animal farm, under the leadership of Napoleon, toasted with the human rulers of the neighboring farm to celebrate the successful conclusion of an agreement on economic, political, and cultural cooperation-"Which are pig faces and which are There is no way to distinguish the human face."

This ending obviously expresses George Orwell's pessimism and lack of confidence. The disintegration of the former Soviet Union and the downfall of the socialist countries in Eastern Europe one after another, George Orwell, the great prophet (the allegor?), has never given any hint. The pessimism at the end of "1984" is the heavy heart of human beings, the pessimism at the end of "Animal Farm" is the chaotic thump of beasts, and the author's pessimism is the same-Freedom once lost, is lost forever).

Of course, compared with the "pre-liberation" situation in "Animal Farm", the freedom at that time was a matter of degree. The owner of the manor, Mr. Jones, has a good drink and snooze, leaving a lot of free space for the animals to organize and assemble and even connect together. From a theoretical analysis, as long as private ownership exists, "exploitation" will always exist. If all the output is for consumption by the animals and there is no profit at all, the bankruptcy of the entire estate is beyond doubt. After hard work, the animals have time to study and analyze the theory of class exploitation, and conclude that only by armed seizure of power to achieve public ownership is the only way for the animal class to obtain true and complete freedom. This great revolutionary theory.

Obviously, with the support of this theory, the animals who succeeded in the revolution finally liberated the productive forces, the pace of manor construction has surpassed history, the results are gratifying, and the theory of class struggle has been proved by practice. Now that everything has been proven to be politically correct, thinking has no meaning at all. As long as it follows the direction specified by the great mentor Napoleon, it is in the interests of most animals. For the manor that pursues the highest efficiency, freedom is superfluous. If freedom is no longer needed, the issue of equality will become increasingly urgent, so there is a famous saying in the animal farm-"All animals are equal, but some animals are more equal than others."

Advanced theory Once formed, sovereignty and stability issues become extra important. In "1984", the large-character poster "War is Peace" engraved on the building of the Ministry of Truth is an indispensable part of this theory. Its weight is equivalent to "Imperialism will never die." Its core value is "Slavery". It’s freedom.” Totalitarian dictatorship is nothing but a mockery of world civilization—thinking is ridiculous, and all thinking is inferior to “historical choices”.

The human estate also needs the export products of the animal estate. From commodity exchange to value exchange, there is only one step away. There are only eternal interests. There are no eternal friends and enemies. Pig faces and human faces are not far apart. Therefore, whether animal farms or human farms, the evil that forms a powerful alliance will pull the scattered and chaotic conscience into the water. However, for For the animals kidnapped by interest groups, this means that once freedom is lost, it will never come again.

作者: 行者之心 时间: 31-8-2021 18:47
这本书挺逗的，不知道他所讽刺的时代是不是还在继续。。。

作者: Serin 时间: 1-9-2021 09:57

行者之心发表于 31-8-2021 18:47
这本书挺逗的，不知道他所讽刺的时代是不是还在继续。。。

不止在继续，还升级成2.0了

作者: 欧阳京 时间: 1-9-2021 10:21

Serin 发表于 1-9-2021 09:57
不止在继续，还升级成2.0了

此书是我20年前读的，几年后，有感而发写了这个读后感。

这几天偶然整理旧文，想起中国人民现在身陷奴役而不自知，甚至很享受高速发展的经济带来的快乐，并把那些被盛世所遮羞的黑暗当成发展的代价，就发了出来。

只有成为代价而被牺牲的人，才知道自由的宝贵。在其他人眼里，自由是一文不值的。

作者: 欧阳京 时间: 1-9-2021 10:22

行者之心发表于 31-8-2021 18:47
这本书挺逗的，不知道他所讽刺的时代是不是还在继续。。。

温兄你好。很久不见，还好？

作者: 行者之心 时间: 1-9-2021 10:52

欧阳京发表于 1-9-2021 10:22
温兄你好。很久不见，还好？

还好，只是开学了，比较忙，最近都没有来论坛看看。等啥时解封了，过来玩啊

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